Bioremediation Technology Potential for Management of Soil and Water Pollution from Anticipated Rapid Industrialization and Planned Oil and Gas Sector in Uganda: A Review

Abstract

Oil exploitation in many African countries is associated with litigation and conflicts to water and soil pollution. It is because of inadequate planning for management of oil spills and industrial effluents in environmentally sustainable manner. Uganda's natural resources such as soils and water bodies are threatened by contamination due to rapid industrialization and rural-urban migration in established Industrial Business Parks and planned oil and gas production at Albertine Graben Region. The low level of compliance to industrial effluents discharge standards relevant to specific environmental receptors and activities within oil and gas sector development pose a big question of how to sustain the biodiversity and natural resource management. Experiences from elsewhere have shown bioremediation as a viable and proven option to provide potentially manageable solutions to resulting pollution as a substitute to modern well-known remediation methods, for it is relatively cheaper, more efficient and minimal toxic byproducts after treatment. The most used bioremediation agents in different studies reviewed are bacterial species especially Pseudomonas and Bacillus, followed by Aspergillus a fungi species, microalgae and aquatic plants such as duckweed, macrophytes and pteridophytes. Regardless of the waste produced in either oil and gas sector or industries, these agents have shown greater biodegradation rates. Pseudomonas sp. has a degradation efficiency of oil compounds ranging from 90% -100%, and Aspergillus sp. 75% -95%. Some aquatic plants can thrive in created wetlands with relatively still water such as Phragmites australis which can degrade hydrocarbons especially Aromatic compounds with benzene ring How to cite this paper: Kabenge, I., Katimbo, A., Kiggundu, N. and Banadda, N. up to 95%. It can thrive in salty water with high pH range of 4.8 -8.2. With industrial wastewater, algae is the most dominant with the degradation rates varying from 65% -100% and bacteria at 70% -90%. Most of the reported results are in the developed country context. In developing countries, duckweed is reported as the commonest aquatic plant in wastewater treatment for removal of heavy metals because it is more tolerant to a wide range of environmental conditions and produce biomass faster. It has a removal rate of heavy metals between 90% and 100%. Basing on literature data analysis, bacteria are more suitable for treating water from oil pollution using Pseudomonas sp. Phragmites australis is suited for cleaning up oil in both water and soil.Duckweed is the best in treating water polluted with industrial effluents. This paper presents the different bioremediation methods that Uganda can potentially apply to mitigate the increased risk of environmental pollutions from planned industrialization and oil and gas development in the Albertine Graben Region.

Treatment Technology of Microbial Landscape Aquatic Plants for Water Pollution

“…rough a series of physical, chemical, and biological reactions, the concentration of pollutants in the water body is reduced, and the toxic and harmful substances are decomposed or reduced. When the degree of pollution is greater than the self-purification energy of the water body, the ecological environment of it is damaged, and it is necessary to use appropriate technical means for sewage treatment [13][14][15].…”

Mercury Contamination and Spill-Over at Human-Wildlife-Environment Interface

“…The theory of sustainable utilization for oil resources in the Lake Albert Graben focuses on three main areas namely; availability of the resources, adaptability and flexibility, and homeostasis [12]. The resources targeted at the Albertine Graben include water, assets, and entitlements, and not so much of PTEs research [13]. For instance, much of the work executed about water levels of mercury, levels of mercury in fish, and risk burden thereafter, is documented better in developed countries compared to the developing countries, like Uganda.…”

Estudo Da Formação De Biofilmes Por Pseudomonas Aeruginosa

“…Várias espécies do gênero Pseudomonas são usadas na área da biotecnológica ambiental como em processos de biorremediação (KABENGE et al, 2017). Porém, no que concerne à capacidade de formação de biofilmes, P. aeruginosa apresenta maior relevância, devido à morbimortalidade causada pela infecção por este patógeno oportunista em muitas doenças recorrentes e persistentes que, frequentemente, acometem pacientes debilitados ou imunocomprometidos (MASÁK et al, 2014;MULCAHY et al, 2014).…”