Bioselective Membrane Electrode Probes

Rechnitz, G. A.

doi:10.1126/science.7280694

“…10 In addition to purified enzymes, [11][12][13] animal, 14 and vegetable extracts, [15][16][17][18] immobilized on the electrode surface by different methods, have also been employed as catalyst sources in both aqueous and organic solutions. Carbon paste electrodes have been widely used owing to the possibility of immobilizing not only enzymes, but also ligands, redox mediators, biological tissues, to catalyze the oxidation/reduction of compounds involved in enzymatic reaction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of catecholamines in pharmaceutical formulations using a biosensor modified with a crude extract of fungi laccase (Pleurotus ostreatus)

Leite¹,

Fatibello‐Filho²,

Barbosa-Dekker³

2003

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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Um biossensor de pasta de carbono modificado com extrato bruto enzimático do fungo Pleurotus ostreatus como fonte de lacase é proposto para a determinação de catecolaminas em formulações farmacêuticas. Essa enzima catalisa a oxidação de adrenalina ou dopamina nas quinonas correspondentes e a corrente obtida na redução eletroquímica de cada um dos produtos é relacionada a concentração dessas catecolaminas em solução da amostra. O efeito da concentração de lacase de 0,29 a 1,8 U/mg de pasta de carbono, do pH de 3,0 a 8,0, da velocidade de varredura de 10 a 40 mV s -1 e amplitudes de pulso de potencial de 10 a 60 mV sobre a resposta voltamétrica de pulso diferencial foi investigado. O desvio padrão relativo foi menor que 1,8% para solução de hidroquinona 2,8 x 10 -4 mol L -1 em pH 7 (n=10). Recuperações variando de 97,3 a 101% para adrenalina e de 95,8 a 102% para dopamina foram obtidas. As curvas analíticas foram lineares no intervalo de concentração de adrenalina de 6,0 x 10 -5 a 7,0 x 10 -4 mol L -1 e de 7,0 x 10 -5 a 4,0 x 10 -4 mol L -1 para dopamina, com limites de detecção de 7,9 x 10 -6 mol L -1 e 9,8 x 10 -6 mol L -1 , respectivamente. Esse biossensor foi empregado para a determinação de adrenalina e dopamina em formulações farmacêuticas. Os resultados obtidos com o biossensor para a determinação dessas catecolaminas em formulações farmacêuticas estão em concordância a um nível de confiança de 95% com o procedimento da Farmacopéia americana.A carbon paste biosensor modified with a crude enzymatic extract of the Pleurotus ostreatus fungi as a laccase source is proposed for catecholamine determination in pharmaceutical formulations. This enzyme catalyzes the oxidation of adrenaline or dopamine in the corresponding quinones and the current obtained in the electrochemical reduction of each of the products is related to the concentration of these catecholamines in the sample solution. The effect of the laccase concentration from 0.29 to 1.8 U/mg of carbon paste, pH from 3.0 to 8.0, scan rate from 10 to 40 mV s -1 and potential pulse amplitude from 10 to 60 mV on the differential pulse voltammetric response was investigated. The relative standard deviation was smaller than 1.8% for a 2.8 x 10 -4 mol L -1 hydroquinone solution at pH 7.0 (n=10). Recoveries varied from 97.3 to 101% for adrenaline and from 95.8 to 102% for dopamine. The analytical curves were rectilinear in the adrenaline concentration range from 6.0 x 10 -5 to 7.0 x 10 -4 mol L -1 and 7.0 x 10 -5 to 4.0 x 10 -4 mol L -1 for dopamine, with detection limits of 7.9 x 10 -6 mol L -1 and 9.8 x 10 -6 mol L -1 , respectively. This biosensor was used for adrenaline and dopamine determinations in pharmaceutical formulations. The results obtained using the proposed biosensor are in close agreement with those obtained using an American Pharmacopoeia procedure at a 95% confidence level. Keywords: laccase, Pleurotus ostreatus, catecholamines, biosensor IntroductionCatecholamines play an important role in the central nervous system as neurotransmitters. They als...

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“…The increasing interest in whole-cell biosensors since the first reports by DIVIES [387] and by RECHNNITZ [388] has led to the development of a large number of analyte-specific amperometric and potentiometric sensors. In these devices an immoblized layer of whole cells (entrapped in a gel, for example, or membrane-supported) is placed at the surface of an electrode.…”

Section: Whole-cell Biosensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The presence in situ of biological structures supporting multicomponent or multistep biological reaction sequences useful for detection purposes and ensuring optimum enzyme activity (many enzymes lose activity when isolated in vitro) 3. Low preparation cost; i.e., growth in culture For the reasons outlined above, nearly all whole-cell biosensors reported to date have employed relatively simple bacterial or algal cells [372], [387][388][389][390]. Existing whole-cell biosensor technology has also been based exclusively on electrochemical transduction of cellular responses.…”

Section: Whole-cell Biosensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical and Biochemical Sensors

Cammann¹,

Roß²,

Katerkamp³

et al. 2001

Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry

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The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction to the Field of Sensors and Actuators 2. Chemical Sensors 2.1. Introduction 2.2. Molecular Recognition Processes and Corresponding Selectivities 2.2.1. Catalytic Processes in Calorimetric Devices 2.2.2. Reactions at Semiconductor Surfaces and Interfaces Influencing Surface or Bulk Conductivities 2.2.3. Selective Ion Conductivities in Solid‐State Materials 2.2.4. Selective Adsorption ‐ Distribution and Supramolecular Chemistry at Interfaces 2.2.5. Selective Charge‐Transfer Processes at Ion‐Selective Electrodes (Potentiometry) 2.2.6. Selective Electrochemical Reactions at Working Electrodes (Voltammetry and Amperometry) 2.2.7. Molecular Recognition Processes Based on Molecular Biological Principles 2.3. Transducers for Molecular Recognition: Processes and Sensitivities 2.3.1. Electrochemical Sensors 2.3.1.1. Self‐Indicating Potentiometric Electrodes 2.3.1.2. Voltammetric and Amperometric Cells 2.3.1.3. Conductance Devices 2.3.1.4. Ion‐Selective Field‐Effect Transistors (ISFETs) 2.3.2. Optical Sensors 2.3.2.1. Fiber‐Optical Sensors 2.3.2.2. Integrated Optical Chemical and Biochemical Sensors 2.3.2.3. Surface Plasmon Resonance 2.3.2.4. Reflectometric Interference Spectroscopy 2.3.3. Mass‐Sensitive Devices 2.3.3.1. Introduction 2.3.3.2. Fundamental Principles and Basic Types of Transducers 2.3.3.3. Theoretical Background 2.3.3.4. Technical Considerations 2.3.3.5. Specific Applications 2.3.3.6. Conclusions and Outlook 2.3.4. Calorimetric Devices 2.4. Problems Associated with Chemical Sensors 2.5. Multisensor Arrays, Electronic Noses, and Tongues 3. Biochemical Sensors (Biosensors) 3.1. Definitions, General Construction, and Classification 3.2. Biocatalytic (Metabolic) Sensors 3.2.1. Monoenzyme Sensors 3.2.2. Multienzyme Sensors 3.2.3. Enzyme Sensors for Inhibitors ‐ Toxic Effect Sensors 3.2.4. Biosensors Utilizing Intact Biological Receptors 3.3. Affinity Sensors ‐ Immuno‐Probes 3.3.1. Direct‐Sensing Immuno‐Probes without Marker Molecules 3.3.2. Indirect‐Sensing Immuno‐Probes using Marker Molecules 3.4. Whole‐Cell Biosensors 3.5. Problems and Future Prospects 4. Actuators and Instrumentation 5. Future Trends and Outlook

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“…This paper describes a new tissue bioelectrode for hydrogen peroxide. The use of tissue slices as biocatalytic components in the construction of bioselective electrodes is proceeding at a rapid pace [ (1) Amperometric monitoring of the reaction product (Ox) serves as a quantitative measure of the hydrogen peroxide. The modified electrode is mounted in a flowthrough cell in a flow injection system.…”

Section: Ihtroductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Horseradish‐root‐modified carbon paste bioelectrode

Wang

¹

,

Lin

²

1989

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The incorporation of horseradish roots into the carbon paste matrix results in an effective bioelectrode for sensing hydrogen peroxide. The response is based on the hydrogen peroxidase activity in the tissue. Because of the intimate contact between the biocatalytic and sensing sites, a very Past response is observed, as desired for practical biosensing applications. The behavior of the new bioelectrode is characterized using a flow injection system. Response time (to5%) as low as 11 s has been determined.The limit of detection is 3 X lo-' M (1 ng), the relative standard deviation is 1.4%, and the response is linear up to 1.2 X M. Oxidizable biological compounds do not interfere in the determination of hydrogen peroxide. The response is characterized also with respect to paste composition, flow rate, applied potential, reducing-agent concentration, injection volume, and other variables. Rapid and sensitive flow-injection measurements of glucose are illustrated. The tissue-modified electrode possesses many of the features desirable for use as an amperometric sensor for oxidase substrates.

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Bioselective Membrane Electrode Probes

Cited by 102 publications

References 23 publications

Determination of catecholamines in pharmaceutical formulations using a biosensor modified with a crude extract of fungi laccase (Pleurotus ostreatus)

Determination of catecholamines in pharmaceutical formulations using a biosensor modified with a crude extract of fungi laccase (Pleurotus ostreatus)

Chemical and Biochemical Sensors

Horseradish‐root‐modified carbon paste bioelectrode

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