Biosensor and Lab-on-a-chip Biomarker-identifying Technologies for Oral and Periodontal Diseases

Steigmann, Larissa; Maekawa, Shogo; Sima, Corneliu; Travan, Sunčica; Wang, Chin-Wei; Giannobile, William V.

doi:10.3389/fphar.2020.588480

Cited by 39 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 222 publications

(219 reference statements)

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“…For this reason, the symptom-based diagnosis techniques, e.g., use of periodontal probes or dental imaging, can only provide the status about previous damages caused by periodontal disease, but they are limited to obtain detailed information about disease activity that is required for personalized treatment planning. However, with a recent understanding of pathophysiology in periodontal diseases, various biomarkers (e.g., biochemical-, microbial-, or genetic-based) have been suggested as having potential for improving diagnosis or outcomes for better understanding of disease activity [ 8 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 32 ]. As inflammation further processes due to periodontal disease, several types of mediators are released into GCF and saliva as well as other oral rinses, thus they can be utilized as indicators through biomarker assays.…”

Section: Chairside Biomarker Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These biomarker assays are believed to help identify periodontal pathogens as a readout of disease activity and for assessing periodontal disease severity. In addition, these methods are expected to allow the clinicians to evaluate the prognosis after treatment for any future treatments [ 11 , 12 , 150 , 151 ]. Although an ideal biomarker for periodontal disease has yet to be identified, biomarkers that measure disease pathogenesis or bio-components linked to tissue destruction, host defense mechanisms, and bacterial metabolism during disease progression are actively being studied [ 8 , 152 ].…”

Section: Chairside Biomarker Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, biochemical assay kits like PerioSafe ® PRO DRS (Dentognostics GmbH, Solingen, Germany) and ImplantSafe DR ® (Dentognostics GmbH, Solingen, Germany), which can measure active matrix metalloproteinase-8 (aMMP-8) in dental and medical clinics, were recently commercialized in Europe. MMP-8 is a major mediator of tissue destruction in periodontitis, and a correlation between increased MMP-8 activity and progressive loss of connective tissue attachment and osteolysis has been demonstrated through numerous clinical studies [ 11 , 12 , 153 , 154 , 155 ]. The PerioSafe and ImplantSafe tests qualitatively measure aMMP-8 levels in oral rinse and GCF, respectively [ 156 ].…”

Section: Chairside Biomarker Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…So far, the specific biomarkers and their thresholds have not been established yet, but we expect they will be incorporated and used in periodontal disease grade assessment as evidence will become available soon. Efforts to accelerate the development of chairside periodontal assay kits or automated biosensors by combining clinically relevant biomarkers with lab-on-a-chip or point-of-care technologies are still active [ 8 , 11 , 158 ]. Compared to conventional labor-intensive and time-consuming laboratory procedures, the automated chairside periodontal assay methods are believed to provide immediate analysis results related to the disease.…”

Section: Chairside Biomarker Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is because once periodontal disease initiates, it does not follow a linear progression and can be characterized by periods of activity and remission [ 9 , 10 ]. To compensate for this limitation, many oral biomarkers from either oral fluid (saliva, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF)) or oral rinse have been developed for periodontal diagnosis, including host proteins, bacteria/bacterial products, ions, volatile compounds, and additional genotypic/phenotypic markers [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ]. This remains a nascent field, but the incorporation of these biomarkers is expected to provide current disease activity and risk factors associated with the disease, allowing early and accurate diagnosis [ 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Chairside Periodontal Diagnostic Toolkit: Past, Present, and Future

Byrd

Kim

2021

Diagnostics

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Periodontal diseases comprise a group of globally prevalent, chronic oral inflammatory conditions caused by microbial dysbiosis and the host immune response. These diseases specifically affect the tooth-supporting tissues (i.e., the periodontium) but are also known to contribute to systemic inflammation. If left untreated, periodontal diseases can ultimately progress to tooth loss, lead to compromised oral function, and negatively impact the overall quality of life. Therefore, it is important for the clinician to accurately diagnose these diseases both early and accurately chairside. Currently, the staging and grading of periodontal diseases are based on recording medical and dental histories, thorough oral examination, and multiple clinical and radiographic analyses of the periodontium. There have been numerous attempts to improve, automate, and digitize the collection of this information with varied success. Recent studies focused on the subgingival microbiome and the host immune response suggest there is an untapped potential for non-invasive oral sampling to assist clinicians in the chairside diagnosis and, potentially, prognosis. Here, we review the available toolkit available for diagnosing periodontal diseases, discuss commercially available options, and highlight the need for collaborative research initiatives and state-of-the-art technology development across disciplines to overcome the challenges of rapid periodontal disease diagnosis.

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Section: Chairside Biomarker Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Chairside Biomarker Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Chairside Biomarker Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Chairside Biomarker Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Chairside Periodontal Diagnostic Toolkit: Past, Present, and Future

Byrd

Kim

2021

Diagnostics

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Impact of peri‐implantitis on the proteome biology of crevicular fluid: A pilot study

Halstenbach

Nelson

Iglhaut

et al. 2023

Journal of Periodontology

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Background:The proteome of the peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) has not been systematically investigated. The aim of the present study was to reveal the proteome biology of dental implants affected with peri-implantitis. Methods: Patients with at least one diseased implant were included (probing depth ≥6 mm, ≥3 mm peri-implant radiological bone loss). Using sterile paper strips, samples were collected from healthy implants (I), healthy teeth (T) and peri-implantitis affected implants (P). Proteome analysis was performed using liquid chromatography -tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and data independent acquisition, allowing the identification and quantification of human and bacterial proteins as well as semi-specific peptides. Results: A total of 38 samples from 14 patients were included in the study; 2332 different human proteins were identified across all samples. No differentially expressed proteins between T and I were found. Comparing P to I, 59 proteins were found upregulated and 31 downregulated in P with significance. Upregulated proteins included proinflammatory proteins such as immunoglobulins, dysferlin, and S100P, as well as antimicrobial proteins, for example, myeloperoxidase or azurocidin. Gene ontology analysis further revealed higher activity of immunological pathways. Proteolytic patterns indicated the activity of inflammatory proteins such as cathepsin G. A total of 334 bacterial proteins were identified and quantified. Peri-implantitis showed elevated proteolytic activity. Conclusion:I and T share similarities in their proteome, while diseased implants deviate strongly from healthy conditions. The PICF proteome of periimplantitis affected sites exhibits an inflammatory fingerprint, dominated by neutrophil activity when compared with healthy implants.

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