Biosensors Based on Advanced Sulfur-Containing Nanomaterials

Abstract

In recent years, sulfur-containing nanomaterials and their derivatives/composites have attracted much attention because of their important role in the field of biosensor, biolabeling, drug delivery and diagnostic imaging technology, which inspires us to compile this review. To focus on the relationships between advanced biomaterials and biosensors, this review describes the applications of various types of sulfur-containing nanomaterials in biosensors. We bring two types of sulfur-containing nanomaterials including metallic sulfide nanomaterials and sulfur-containing quantum dots, to discuss and summarize the possibility and application as biosensors based on the sulfur-containing nanomaterials. Finally, future perspective and challenges of biosensors based on sulfur-containing nanomaterials are briefly rendered.

Emerging Trends of Carbon‐Based Quantum Dots: Nanoarchitectonics and Applications

“…[509] For instance, Peng et al developed an okadaic acid sensitive sulfur/phosphorus codoped GQDs (S/P-GQDs) as an ECL immunomarker to shellfish and showed attractive ECL sensing performance depicting an ultralow LOD (0.005 ng mL −1 ) and a broad linear detection range (0.01-20 ng mL −1 ), compared to the monodoped GQDs. [484,510] Another excellent example of ECL sensing is reported by Sun et al, who successfully combined molybdenum disulfide and graphene quantum dots (MoS 2 -GQDs) to build up an "on/off" switch ECL biosensor for specific DNA sequences. [488] The loading capacity of GQDs is increased by these 2D MoS 2 nanosheets and supported by long-chain hairpin DNA (H-DNA).…”

Zero-Dimensional Carbon Nanomaterials for Fluorescent Sensing and Imaging

“…The doping of sulfur and its derivatives (sodium sulfide and thiols), the third most abundant element in fossil fuels, in CQDs as a sulfur-containing biosensor has attracted considerable interest from researchers because sulfur doping not only enhances the QY of CQDs but also, more importantly, provides increased target selectivity for sulfophilic targets. − Fan et al hydrothermally formed S-CQDs with Na 2 S as the sulfur source, which exhibited a diameter of 4.2 nm, high QY (21.1%), and photobleaching resistance (Figure f) . On the one hand, the high affinity between sulfur and Hg 2+ considerably affects the electron transfer on the S-CQDs surface by increasing the probability of nonradiative electron transitions so that S-CQDs can select Hg 2+ specifically with an LOD of 0.222 μmol·L –1 .…”

Electrochemical Signal Amplification Strategies and Their Use in Olfactory and Taste Evaluation

“…In addition, they can further enhance electrochemical signals by accelerating electron conductivity [ 91 ]. Transition metal sulfides, with their high electrical conductivity, large active surface area, and high catalytic activity, have also been shown to be suitable and desirable materials [ 150 , 151 , 152 ]. Covalent-organic frameworks (COFs) are a new polymer consisting of precisely organized organic building units with a periodic skeleton and porous crystal structure connected using covalent bonds [ 153 ].…”