Biosynthesized silver nanoparticles using Ulva lactuca as a safe synthetic pesticide (in vitro)

Abstract

In this era, we must synthesize safe pesticides from inexpensive sources to avoid the diseases caused by most of the previously used pesticides. Therefore, nanotechnology was used to produce biologically synthesis pesticides from very cheap sources such as seaweed, especially green algae, as it is safe to synthesize a pesticide against various pests such as bacteria and fungi that affect various agricultural crops. Ulva lactuca is used for the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles by a bottom-up bioreduction reaction of silver nitrate to silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) observed by the formation of brown color. The biosynthesis reaction has been proven by using UV-VIS, FT-IR, EDAX, SEM, TEM, and DSC-TGA and has been tested against a wide range of bacteria and fungi that affect plants, poultry, fish, rabbits, animals, and humans. Antioxidant activity was also determined. Silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) have proven to be good and safe synthetic pesticides. The results of the spectroscopy demonstrated the success of the biological synthesis of the pesticide. Also, the results of the antimicrobial activity demonstrated the success of the pesticide that was biologically synthesized to fight bacteria and fungi that cause different diseases of different agricultural crops and should be used as a safe synthetic pesticide.

Safe Ulvan Silver Nanoparticles Composite Films for Active Food Packaging

“…Antioxidant activity of (U3/Ag-NPs) bionanocomposite film was at a concentration (94 µL of the film) with IC50 = 1.128 µg/mL. The bio-nanocomposite film showed a good antioxidant activity at low concentrations, because both Ag-NPs and ulvan are effective as antioxidants (Amin, 2020a;2020b). This is a good indication of the use of these films to package foodstuffs to protect packaged foods against light, radiation, ozone, oxygen and any other effects that cause oxidation and thus enhance the shelf life of packaged foods.…”

“…Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) using U. lactuca 10 mL of aqueous extract of the alga (10 g of the alga were added to 100 mL of distilled water, centrifuged for 1 h at 6,000 rpm and the extracts kept in the refrigerator (Amin, 2019) were added to 1 mM of silver nitrate stirred for 24 h at 100°C. The reaction color changed from transparent to brown that indicated the success of the reaction (Amin, 2020a).…”

“…Then zone diameters were measured as mentioned in (National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards, 1993b). Agar-based methods as disk diffusion can be good alternatives because they are simple and fast methods (Liebowitz et al, 2001;Matar et al, 2003) Table 2 as described in (Amin, 2019;Amin, 2020a;2020b).…”

“…Nanoparticles do their work through their chemical, physical and biological properties, because of their small size and large surface size compared to their large counterparts (Cano et al, 2018). Silver Nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) for their antimicrobial properties have further been used in many fields, in agriculture as nanopesticides (Amin, 2020a) in medicine such as bandages, tooth paste and anticancer (Amin and Abdelreheem, 2020) in food industries such as containers for food storage, air filters, cosmetic and paints (Cano et al, 2018). Ag-NPs enhance the film barrier properties, make the film stronger and increase the hydrophobicity of films, so bio-nanotechnology should be used in food packaging (Nile et al, 2020).…”

“…Plants or algae are used for the biosynthesis of nanoparticles, as a reducing agent by bottom-up reaction. It is inexpensive, non-toxic and eco-friendly (Amin, 2020a). For this reason the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using algae should be applied in food packaging to achieve safe bio-nanocomposite films (Cano et al, 2018).…”