Biosynthetic pathways from acetate to natural products

Lynen, Feodor

doi:10.1351/pac196714010137

Cited by 93 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The polyisoprene rubber is the major component of latex synthesized by specially differentiated cells of the plants. They are synthesized by a series of enzymecatalyzed polymerizations [2] of the isoprene units to various different degrees, resulting in a wide range of molecular weight (MW). The rubbers of high MW are produced in the latex of about 300 genera of Angiosperms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Involvement of Hevea Latex Organelle Membrane Proteins in the Rubber Biosynthesis Activity and Regulatory Function

Wititsuwaannakul

Rattanapittayaporn

Koyama

et al. 2004

Macromolecular Bioscience

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Centrifugation of fresh Hevea rubber latex yields three distinct fractions. The sediment bottom fraction (BF) content of membrane-bound organelles is ca. 20 vol.-% of latex. Prolonged storage or delayed use of fresh latex will result in disintegration and loss of the bottom fraction. This is due to the osmotically sensitive BF rupture and its membrane debris being tightly bound to the top rubber particles (RP) phase. The BF membrane was found to be highly active for rubber biosynthesis (RB), in contrast to previous reports that describe RB only occurring on the RP surface. It was clearly shown that washed BF membrane (WBM) was much more active than fresh RP for RB activity. WBM was highly activated by SDS for RB in a biphasic manner, but SDS strongly inhibited the RP. Probably WBM micelle formation resulted in a highly increased active surface area for RB. C55-PP (UPP) was a very active allylic for WBM in RB function, but inactive for RP. Serial acetone extraction of WBM proteins showed a distinct profile of the fractions with different RB activity. WBM isolated proteins suspended in 2% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) with an RB activity equal to that of intact WBM was with the 20% acetone protein fraction. The 60 and 80% fractions were inactive. Combining the 20 with 80% fractions showed a complete inhibition of RB activity. Complete RB loss was also found when WBM was mixed with the 80% fraction, indicating that WBM has both an enzyme system and a factor for regulation of the RB activity in a well controlled metabolic function for the latex RB process.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hevea latex has been shown to be active [2,12] in the synthesis of rubber for quite some time. The study on rubber biosynthesis (RB) process is of much interest as it appeared in several reviews.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Involvement of Hevea Latex Organelle Membrane Proteins in the Rubber Biosynthesis Activity and Regulatory Function

Wititsuwaannakul

Rattanapittayaporn

Koyama

et al. 2004

Macromolecular Bioscience

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“…The first-recognized pathway for biosynthesis of isoprenoids is the MVA pathway (30)(31)(32), which involves a series of six enzymatic steps to convert acetyl-CoA to IPP (Fig. 2).…”

Section: Isoprenoid Biosynthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Almost every prokaryote, with some exceptions, synthesizes its isoprenoids from the deoxyxylulose-5-phosphate (DXP) pathway (29), but some endogenous regulations of the DXP pathway restrict their large-scale production for fuel applications. On the other hand, in the eukaryotic system, the isoprenoid backbone is synthesized from the mevalonate (MVA) pathway by utilizing acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) (30)(31)(32).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isoprenoid-Based Biofuels: Homologous Expression and Heterologous Expression in Prokaryotes

Phulara

Chaturvedi

Gupta

2016

Appl Environ Microbiol

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bEnthusiasm for mining advanced biofuels from microbial hosts has increased remarkably in recent years. Isoprenoids are one of the highly diverse groups of secondary metabolites and are foreseen as an alternative to petroleum-based fuels. Most of the prokaryotes synthesize their isoprenoid backbone via the deoxyxylulose-5-phosphate pathway from glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and pyruvate, whereas eukaryotes synthesize isoprenoids via the mevalonate pathway from acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA). Microorganisms do not accumulate isoprenoids in large quantities naturally, which restricts their application for fuel purposes. Various metabolic engineering efforts have been utilized to overcome the limitations associated with their natural and nonnatural production. The introduction of heterologous pathways/genes and overexpression of endogenous/homologous genes have shown a remarkable increase in isoprenoid yield and substrate utilization in microbial hosts. Such modifications in the hosts' genomes have enabled researchers to develop commercially competent microbial strains for isoprenoid-based biofuel production utilizing a vast array of substrates. The present minireview briefly discusses the recent advancement in metabolic engineering efforts in prokaryotic hosts for the production of isoprenoid-based biofuels, with an emphasis on endogenous, homologous, and heterologous expression strategies.

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“…3) In this pathway three molecules of acetyl-CoA condense to form 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) by consecutive actions of acetoacetylCoA synthase and HMG-CoA synthase (Fig. 1).…”

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confidence: 99%