Biotechnological Methods for the Improvement Cereals

Orhun, Gül Ebru

doi:10.18178/ijfe.2.2.128-131

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Maize is one of the basic cereal crops due to its multiple uses in the field of human and animal nutrition, as it comes after wheat and rice in terms of area and production [1] The economic importance of the Maize crop can be attributed to the fact that its grains contain high percentages of carbohydrates (81%), protein (10.6%), oil (4.6%), and ash (2%), as well as vitamins B1, B2, and E [2,3] However, farmers in Iraq suffer from a decline in Maize productivity compared to other countries of the world, as it is 40% lower than in developed countries. This decline comes from the lack of screening of good genetic compositions, in addition to the lack of interest in spraying nutrients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spraying with nano-moringa leaf extract affects growth and yields four maize varieties

ALyasari,

Farhood

2024

JKAS

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A field experiment was carried out in the spring agricultural season of 2023 at Ibn Al-Bitar Vocational Preparatory School in the Al-Husseiniyah area in the Holy Karbala Governorate, to study the effect of spraying nano-moringa leaf extract on the growth characteristics and yield of four maize varieties. The split-block experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The main plots included of four concentrations of nano-moringa leaf extract (0, 200, 400, and 600 mg L-1) sprayed every two weeks until physiological maturity. The subplots included four varieties of maize (NadH9055, NadH362, NadH386, and NadH315). The results showed that spraying with nano Moringa leaf extract at a concentration of 400 and 600 mg L-1 caused a significant increase in the number of days up to 50% tasseling, number of days up to 50% silking, leaf area, leaf area index, number of grains per row, weight of 500 grains, and grain yield, which gave averages of (74.08 and 74.08 day), (80.42 and 80.75 day), (4643.42 and 4662.81 cm2), (2.48 and 2.49), (28.02 and 30.15 grains row-1), (117.17 and 117.58 g), (5.06 and 5.41 Mg ha-1). The results also showed the superiority of the NadH9055and NadH362 varieties in the number of days up to 50% tasseling, number of days until 50% silking, and number of grains per row gave averages of (66.33 and 67.00 days), (68.75 and 70.50 days), and (31.02 and 32.31 grains per row-1) compared to the rest of the varieties. As for grain yield, the NadH362 variety excelled with an average of (6.39 Mg ha-1) for the rest of the varieties. While the NadH315 variety outperformed in leaf area, leaf area index, and weight of 500 grains, , it gave averages of (5409.08 cm2), (2.88), and (136.42 g) In light of the results presented, it is clear the importance of spraying nano-moringa leaf extract in improving the growth characteristics of maize, which was reflected positively in increasing the yield of four varieties of maize.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spraying with nano-moringa leaf extract affects growth and yields four maize varieties

ALyasari,

Farhood

2024

JKAS

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“…The main products of maize processing include corn starch, corn oil, maize flour, animal feed, ethanol and biofuels. In Kenya, the main products are maize flour and animal feeds [22,34,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tradeoffs Between Maize Importation and Reliance on Local Production: A Case of Commercial Maize Millers in Kenya

Nzaka,

Koech,

Bett

et al. 2024

IJAE

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The supply of maize in Kenya has often fallen short of the demand resulting to an influx of cheap maize imports from neighboring countries. Tradeoffs thus arise among commercial maize milling firms whether to import or use locally produced maize in their operations and which alternative maximizes their income. This study aimed to determine the effect of tradeoffs between maize importation and reliance on local production on the income of commercial maize milling firms in Kenya. Data was collected from 106 commercial maize milling firms that produced packaged maize flour. A census of the entire population was employed and a semi-structured questionnaire used to guide personal interviews and online surveys with the respondents. Data was analyzed using descriptive analysis, gross margins and two-stage least square regression. Results indicate that firms that used locally produced maize only were majorly micro to medium-scale, had relatively low-skilled employees, lower production capacity and employed relatively less sophisticated technology. Firms that used locally produced maize only in their operations realized higher incomes and lower cost of procuring maize monthly compared to firms that used both locally produced and imported maize. Additionally, the determinants of firm’s income were the miller’s decision on maize source, total number of employees, total cost of maize, mean monthly sales and mean production costs. Therefore, government policies should be geared towards lowering the cost of procuring maize from both local and import sources. These include reviewing import duties on food grain, streamlining cess collection across counties and improving road infrastructure.

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“…Zea mays L. belongs to the Poaceae family, and it is one of the important grain crops that is widely cultivated all over the world [1]. It is considered one of the strategic crops, as it comes second after wheat in terms of the cultivated area, and it comes in the first place in the rate of grain produced for use in human and animal nutrition, as well as in various industrial fields [2]. Due to the high yield rate and fodder value of grains, stems and leaves, they are desirable and of great importance in many countries [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of growth, yield and quality of maize to the fertilizer combi-nation of nitrogen and potassium and spraying with the potassium humate

Aljoubory,

Al-Yasari

2023

JKAS

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The split-plot experiment was carried out in one of the agricultural fields- Al-Hussainiya district in the holy city of Kerbala for the fall season 2022, by planting the maize, Sumer cultivar was planted in a soil with clay loam texture. The experiment comprising two factors, and the first factor was the combinations of different levels of nitrogen (0, 150 and 300 kg N ha-1) were identified with symbols, N0, N1, and N2, respectively, Three levels of potassium (0, 80 and 160 kg K ha-1) were symbolized as K0, K1, and K2, respectively, the second factor was spraying with the organic nutrient potassium humate at two concentrations (1 and 2) g L-1, the concentrations of potassium humate were occupied the main plots, while the fertilizer combinations of nitrogen and potassium filled the sub plots with three replications according to the randomized complete block design (RCBD).The results showed a significant effect of adding fertilizer combinations of nitrogen and potassium and spraying with the organic nutrient potassium humate (2 g L-1) individually and overlapping in most growth, yield and quality traits, as the overlapping showed a significant superiority in increasing of leaf area (cm2 plant-1), stem diameter (mm), leaf chlorophyll index (SPAD unit), ear weight (g), plant yield (g plant-1) and protein yield (g plant-1), the interaction between the two study factors contributed to reducing the amount of mineral fertilizer to 50%, as there was no significant difference between the fertilizer combinations of nitrogen and potassium (150N + 80K) and (300N + 160K) Kg ha-1, with a concentration of 2 gmL-1 of potassium humate.

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Biotechnological Methods for the Improvement Cereals

Cited by 3 publications

References 11 publications

Spraying with nano-moringa leaf extract affects growth and yields four maize varieties

Spraying with nano-moringa leaf extract affects growth and yields four maize varieties

Tradeoffs Between Maize Importation and Reliance on Local Production: A Case of Commercial Maize Millers in Kenya

Response of growth, yield and quality of maize to the fertilizer combi-nation of nitrogen and potassium and spraying with the potassium humate

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