Biotic and Abiotic Processes In the Formation and Diagenesis of Permian Dolomitic Stromatolites (Zechstein Group, NE England)

Perri, Edoardo; Tucker, Maurice E.; Mawson, Mike

doi:10.2110/jsr.2013.65

Cited by 22 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…The wrinkled laminae are commonly found on tidal flats area. Wrinkled laminae are quite rare in the geological record but have been documented to occur on Permian microbialites (Perri et al ., ). This facies is interpreted to represent deposition on the tidal flat to shallow subtidal (~5 m water depth) by its wrinkled laminated features and fine lime mud filling the space between the columnar.…”

Section: Facies Mosaics and Depositional Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Facies mosaic and diagenetic patterns of the early Devonian (Late Pragian–Early Emsian) microbialite‐dominated carbonate sequences, Qasr Member, Jauf Formation, Saudi Arabia

2015

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The Al-Jawf area of northern Saudi Arabia provides spectacular outcrops of Early Devonian carbonate bioherms in the Wadi Murayr and Dumat Al-Jandal areas. These carbonate bioherms belong to the Qasr Member of the Late Pragian-Early Emsian Jauf Formation (~405 Ma) and are surrounded by a bioclastic carbonate succession. The Qasr Member is the first major carbonate unit of the Palaeozoic succession in Saudi Arabia that mainly consists of microbialite carbonates and metazoan reefs exhibiting distinct mound features. These bioherm complexes and their associated carbonate facies are pervasively dolomitized. Stratigraphic, petrographic and geochemical analyses were conducted to determine the facies distribution and interpret their depositional and diagenetic processes. A total of 11 facies are identified from a range of depositional environments within a carbonate platform system, ranging from tidal flats, lagoon, shoal, patch reefs to reef front. The main diagenetic processes are carbonate cementation and dolomitization. Dolomitization occurred as both fabric preserved (mostly in grain-dominated facies) and fabric destructive (mud-dominated facies). The microbialites and coralline sponges facies show poor reservoir with visual porosity less than 5%, but this succession may have a potential to serve as a good source for the underlying and overlying facies. Ooid and peloidal grainstone facies show fair to good visual porosity that locally exceeds 10% with intergranular porosity as the dominant type. However, in the most studied samples, vuggy and intraparticle porosities are observed as the dominant type.

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Section: Facies Mosaics and Depositional Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Facies mosaic and diagenetic patterns of the early Devonian (Late Pragian–Early Emsian) microbialite‐dominated carbonate sequences, Qasr Member, Jauf Formation, Saudi Arabia

2015

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“…However, the mesoscopic transformation not only leads to a single crystal with complex morphologies, but also to nanoparticles embedded in an organic matrix [ 28 ]. Such a mechanism may explain the observations of i) calcite with a granular structure consisting of coalescing nanocrystals [ 29 ], ii) the nanometer-scale mixture of calcium carbonate crystals and organic molecules in recent microbialites [ 30 ] and iii) the occurrence of spherulites in experimental tufas [ 31 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viruses Occur Incorporated in Biogenic High-Mg Calcite from Hypersaline Microbial Mats

et al. 2015

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Using three different microscopy techniques (epifluorescence, electronic and atomic force microscopy), we showed that high-Mg calcite grains in calcifying microbial mats from the hypersaline lake “La Salada de Chiprana”, Spain, contain viruses with a diameter of 50–80 nm. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer analysis revealed that they contain nitrogen and phosphorus in a molar ratio of ~9, which is typical for viruses. Nucleic acid staining revealed that they contain DNA or RNA. As characteristic for hypersaline environments, the concentrations of free and attached viruses were high (>1010 viruses per g of mat). In addition, we showed that acid treatment (dissolution of calcite) resulted in release of viruses into suspension and estimated that there were ~15 × 109 viruses per g of calcite. We suggest that virus-mineral interactions are one of the possible ways for the formation of nano-sized structures often described as “nanobacteria” and that viruses may play a role in initiating calcification.

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“…Experiments demonstrated the possibility of mineralizing the primary dolomite in the laboratory [2][3][4] and it was also observed in recent environments [94][95][96]. In the fossil record, similarly to the recent Ca:Mg mineral phases, stromatolitic laminae of dolomite were observed, and they were interpreted as primary phases, precipitated at surface settings [7,12,97,98]. Considering the observation on the studied Carnian samples, that allowed comparison of the pristine Ca-microbialite with isochronous re-mineralized Ca:Mg microbialite, particular attention should be paid to the interpretation of fossil autochthonous carbonates.…”

Section: Influence Of the Organic Matter In The Dolomitization Processmentioning

confidence: 86%

Autochthonous Micrite to Aphanodolomite: The Microbialites in the Dolomitization Processes

et al. 2018

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In the present paper, we examine the influence of micrite types, autochthonous or allochthonous, on the dolomitization processes. The recrystallized and dolomitized Carnian samples from Rifugio Vallandro and Alpe di Specie erratic boulders (South Tyrol, Italy) offer a unique example for studying the relationship between microbialites and dolomitization processes. The comparison between the carbonates of the well-preserved erratic boulders of Alpe di Specie and the isochronous, recrystallized, and dolomitized, samples of Rifugio Vallandro, allows for hypothesizing the role of microbialites on dolomitization processes. The Rifugio Vallandro samples represent variously dolomitized boundstone (made of corals, sponges, and peloidal crusts) with a fine texture (aphanodolomite) which contain organic matter relics, suggesting microbial-mediated mineralization. Geomicrobiological characterization of the microbialites from Alpe di Specie indicates that they formed through microbial metabolic activity of sulfate-reducing bacteria, which thrive on organic matter accumulated in the suboxic to anoxic interspaces of the skeletal framework. Similar processes can be hypothesized for the microbialite precursor of Rifugio Vallandro. Extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) and other organic compounds trapped inside the fine crystal matrix can have a role in the dolomitization processes of the microbialites. High pH and high alkalinity, derived from the degradation of organic matter, may be critical in promoting the dolomitization of microbialites because the high pH increases the concentration and activity of the dissolved CO32−, thereby increasing the dolomite supersaturation and reaction rates. This process produces very fine dolomite (aphanodolomite) that replaces the original organic-rich micrite, while the fine crystalline dolomite forming larger euhedral crystals seems to derive from the allochthonous micrite due to the presence of a large amount of siliciclastics and the absence of organic remains.

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Biotic and Abiotic Processes In the Formation and Diagenesis of Permian Dolomitic Stromatolites (Zechstein Group, NE England)

Cited by 22 publications

References 72 publications

Facies mosaic and diagenetic patterns of the early Devonian (Late Pragian–Early Emsian) microbialite‐dominated carbonate sequences, Qasr Member, Jauf Formation, Saudi Arabia

Facies mosaic and diagenetic patterns of the early Devonian (Late Pragian–Early Emsian) microbialite‐dominated carbonate sequences, Qasr Member, Jauf Formation, Saudi Arabia

Viruses Occur Incorporated in Biogenic High-Mg Calcite from Hypersaline Microbial Mats

Autochthonous Micrite to Aphanodolomite: The Microbialites in the Dolomitization Processes

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