Biotic Potential and Life Tables of Chrysodeixis includens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Rachiplusia nu, and Trichoplusia ni on Soybean and Forage Turnip

Abstract

Loopers such as Chrysodeixis includens (Walker), Rachiplusia nu (Guenée), and Trichoplusia ni (Hübner) are important defoliators in soybean, sunflower, and crucifer crops, respectively, in countries of the Americas. The biotic potential of these polyphagous species of Plusiinae was comparatively examined considering crop rotation and succession scenarios in which crucifer crops are cultivated during or after Brazilian winter. All the species developed and reproduced on soybean (BRS 133 Embrapa) and forage turnip (Cati AL 1000, Wolf Seeds do Brasil). The development of C. includens was similar on both host plants. The survival of R. nu was lower on forage turnip than on soybean. In contrast, T. ni performance (survival, fecundity, pupal weight) was better on forage turnip than on soybean. This suggests that in crop rotation and succession scenarios of soybean after brassicacea, C. includens is likely to have a higher number of generations per year and could be potentially more harmful.

The Granulate Cutworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): Biological Parameters Under Controlled Conditions, Host Plants, and Distribution in the Americas

“…The life table parameters presented for F. subterranea are similar to other polyphagous owlet moth pests that fed on an artificial diet ( Barrionuevo et al 2012 ; Montezano et al 2013a , 2014b , 2015b , 2019b ; Silva et al 2018a , b ; Specht and Roque-Specht 2019 ) or on their preferred host plants ( Greenberg et al 2001 , Santos et al 2005 , Farahani et al 2011 , Bortoli et al 2012 , Specht et al 2019 ). These parameters are characterized by a high net reproductive rate ( R o ) and short mean generation time ( T ).…”

“…The biotic potential of F. subterranea (3.124 × 10 24 individuals per female) is particularly high, and similar to the biotic potential of some major pest species of owlet moths and loopers ( Specht et al 2019 ), Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (old world cotton bollworm) ( Silva et al 2018a ) and species of Spodoptera (e.g., Montezano et al 2013a , 2014b , 2019b ).…”

“…Similarly, Walkden (1950) acknowledged 5 d of embryonic duration in summer generations and 6 d in winter generations. There is no significant variation between embryonic durations of F. subterranea ( Vendramim et al 1982 ) and other owlet moths ( Specht et al 2019 ) of the same population reared with different diets. This discrepancy in embryonic duration in different studies can be linked to genetic and/or latitudinal variations among different populations ( Brito et al 2019 ).…”

Thermal Requirements and Population Viability of Chrysodeixis includens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

“…This might be related to the influence of different types of nutrients in the diet provided to larvae (Andrade et al 2016). As to 25 • C, the development time for all immature stages is absolutely consistent with Specht et al (2019). The immature survivorship was considerably lower for eggs, whereas it was mildly higher for larvae and far greater for pupal stage in our study compared to those of Barrionuevo et al (2012).…”

“…On the other hand, Barrionuevo et al (2012) determined life cycle, reproductive, and population parameters, using only one constant temperature. Likewise, Specht et al (2019) studied development, survival, reproduction, and other traits of C. includens feeding on two different crops (soybean and forage turnip).…”