Biracial and Multiracial Individuals

Bergkamp, Jude; Ermann, Katja; Geissler, Vanessa

doi:10.1002/9781118970843.ch302

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Each individual possesses their own set of identity domains, which interact and overlap in different ways resulting in individual variance of power and positionality within society. Bergkamp et al (2020) proposed that the domain of ethnicity be expanded to also include racial identity, the domain of national origin be expanded to include citizenship, and that the domain of gender should include sex assigned at birth. Coupling the aforementioned definitions of social privilege with this understanding of intersectionality and positionality helps to illuminate how different identity domain combinations yield different levels of power in our world ( Adams and Estrada-Villalta, 2019 ).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathways to the therapist paragon: a decolonial grounded theory

Bergkamp,

O’Leary Sloan,

Krizizke

et al. 2023

Front. Psychol.

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IntroductionWhile many professional associations within clinical and counseling psychology have made an aspirational call for clinician awareness of social position, there is a lack of research into how socially-conferred privilege impacts psychotherapy. Specifically of interest is the differences in race and gender within the therapeutic dyad, in which there is a BIPOC (Black, Indigenous, and Persons of Color)/white1 or male/female-identified dynamic.MethodThe authors utilized a Grounded Theory approach to analyze qualitative interviews with practicing psychologists to construct a process model regarding how socially-conferred privileged identity domains impact the therapeutic relationship and the participants’ professionalization process.ResultsThe analysis identified the core conceptual theme of the Therapist Paragon, representing an idealized version of what a perfect therapist should be. This replicated the foundational figures of our field - primarily older, white men. The process model consisted of two distinct pathways toward the Therapist Paragon, one for BIPOC psychologists and one for white psychologists. The female BIPOC pathway consisted of imposter syndrome, persistent feelings of inadequacy, and tendencies to over-credential their professional identity to seek credibility in the eyes of clients and colleagues. The white pathway consisted of down-playing whiteness and attempting to initially modify behavior toward client cultural norms.DiscussionThe results point to a distinct professionalization and practice process for BIPOC psychologists compared to white counterparts. This dynamic may have implications beyond increasing support for BIPOC clinicians specifically, but instead indicate a lack of acknowledgement of the psychological impact of socially-conferred privilege in the psychotherapy enterprise overall. Recommendations are offered for revisions to training models, continuing education, and supervision/consultation.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathways to the therapist paragon: a decolonial grounded theory

Bergkamp,

O’Leary Sloan,

Krizizke

et al. 2023

Front. Psychol.

Self Cite

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“…Over the past decade, the percentage of Multiracial people in America increased by nearly 276%. The rapid growth of this demographic is partly due to the ongoing “Multiracial baby boom” marked by a significant increase of children with parents from different racial groups (Bergkamp et al, 2020). Multiracial youth are now the fastest‐growing youth demographic in the United States, with a large proportion of them reporting Black racial ancestry (Frey, 2021; U.S. Census Bureau, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Multiracial‐Black Socialization Model: Conceptualizing racial socialization in Multiracial‐Black families

Green

Bryant

2023

Family Process

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Scholars have spent the last four decades expanding the theoretical understanding of parental racial socialization—or parent–child communication about race. What is largely absent from existing conceptualizations, however, is a consideration for how the practice manifests in Multiracial families. The interracial structure of Multiracial families complicates racial socialization in ways that are not being captured in empirical research due to the overreliance on universal frameworks. It is imperative that we close this theoretical gap as the proportion of Multiracial families in the United States is expanding at record rates. Accordingly, we present the Multiracial‐Black Socialization Model (MRB‐SM) in this paper. The MRB‐SM is designed explicitly for Multiracial‐Black families, one of the fastest‐growing sub‐groups of Multiracial families. The model builds upon the strengths of universal socialization theories by outlining the content, process, and context components of racial socialization in Multiracial‐Black families. The implications for research are discussed.

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Disaggregating Data Regarding Suicidal Ideation and Suicide Attempts among Post-9/11 Asian American and Pacific Islander Veterans

Monteith,

Forster,

Holliday

et al. 2024

Journal of Prevention and Health Promotion

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The suicide rate among Asian American and Pacific Islander veterans has increased; however, data aggregation for these groups, combined with underinclusion in research, limits understanding regarding risk. We conducted a secondary analysis of Comparative Health Assessment Interview Research Study 2018 data to compare suicidal ideation (SI) and suicide attempt (SA) prevalence among 668 post-9/11 veterans who identified as Asian American, Pacific Islander, or both and described SI and SA prevalence among specific subgroups. Veterans who identified as both Asian American and Pacific Islander were more likely to report experiencing SI (lifetime and during their military service), compared to those who identified solely as Asian American or Pacific Islander (military SI only). Statistically significant differences were not detected for SI preceding or following military service or for lifetime SA. Weighted estimates for lifetime SI and SA were 24.2% and 6.5%, respectively, and prevalence varied widely among specific Asian American and Pacific Islander groups. However, small cell sizes and wide confidence intervals were limitations. Increased clinical attention to screen for and mitigate suicide risk among veterans who identify as both Asian American and Pacific Islander may be warranted. To ensure that suicide prevention strategies optimally address their needs and experiences, research is needed to elucidate suicide drivers in this population. Considering the heterogeneity in SI and SA prevalence among different Asian American and Pacific Islander groups, continued research with larger subsamples that disaggregates analyses by race and ethnicity is essential to deliver prevention and health promotion strategies targeted to the highest-risk groups.

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Biracial and Multiracial Individuals

Cited by 4 publications

References 9 publications

Pathways to the therapist paragon: a decolonial grounded theory

Pathways to the therapist paragon: a decolonial grounded theory

The Multiracial‐Black Socialization Model: Conceptualizing racial socialization in Multiracial‐Black families

Disaggregating Data Regarding Suicidal Ideation and Suicide Attempts among Post-9/11 Asian American and Pacific Islander Veterans

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