Biscogniauxia rosacearum the charcoal canker agent as a pathogen associated with grapevine trunk diseases in Zagros region of Iran

Abstract

Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) are well-known and significant fungal diseases of Vitis vinifera with a worldwide distribution. During August to November 2016 in a survey to characterize fungi associated with grapevine trunk diseases in Kermanshah Province (west of Iran) vineyards, 286 fungal isolates were obtained. Based on morphology and DNA sequences data eight species were identified, of which Biscogniauxia rosacearum, Neoscytalidium hyalinum and Phaeoacremonium minimum were the most aggressive fungal pathogenic species characterized in this research. N. hyalinum was the most prevalent species. N. hyalinum and Ph. minimum have previously been reported from Vitis vinifera. Thus far, there are two records of Biscogniauxia mediterranea and Biscogniauxia capnodes on grapevine in the world with no data on pathology aspects. To our knowledge, it is the first time B. rosacearum is reported from grapevine across the globe. Pathogenicity test with three strains of B. rosacearum on 2-year-old potted grapevines confirmed the pathogenicity of B. rosacearum on grapevine. The proximity of vineyards to the oak trees in Zagros forests as one of the plant hosts of Biscogniauxia spp. further highlights the need for extensive studies on B. rosacearum as a new fungal pathogen.

Microbial Biological Control of Fungi Associated with Grapevine Trunk Diseases: A Review of Strain Diversity, Modes of Action, and Advantages and Limits of Current Strategies

“…Botryosphaeria dieback is associated with several Botryosphaeriaceae species [ 2 ]. Around 26 different Botryosphaeriaceae taxa have been found in vineyards of several countries, but Neofusicoccum parvum , Diplodia seriata , Phaeoacremonium minimum , Lasiodiplodia theobromae , Neofusicoccum australe , Neofusicoccum luteum , and Botryosphaeria dothidea are the most widespread and aggressive species associated with Botryosphaeria dieback [ 8 , 19 , 20 , 21 ]. They cause shoot dieback, cankers, central necroses in wood, and/or grapevine dieback [ 22 ].…”

Fungal species associated with grapevine trunk diseases in Washington wine grapes and California table grapes, with novelties in the genera Cadophora, Cytospora, and Sporocadus

“…in the US ( Jayawardena et al., 2018 ). The closely related species Biscogniauxia rosacearum has been shown pathogenic to grapevine in Iran ( Bahmani et al., 2021 ), and is also known to cause charcoal cankers of pear, plum and quince trees in Italy ( Raimondo et al., 2016 ). Biscogniauxia mediterranea isolate Kern007 proved pathogenic in our pathogenicity test.…”

“…The causal agents are estimated to represent more than 130 fungal species ( Gramaje et al., 2018 ), and they span four classes in the Pezizomycotina (Ascomycota) and 10 genera in the Hymenochaetales (Basidiomycota) ( Lawrence et al., 2017b ). Taxa belonging to the order Xylariales have recently been associated with dieback symptoms of grapevines ( Lawrence et al., 2018b ; Bahmani et al., 2021 ; Moghadam et al., 2022 ).…”

Phytotoxins Produced by Two Biscogniauxia rosacearum Strains, Causal Agents of Grapevine Trunk Diseases, and Charcoal Canker of Oak Trees in Iran

“…rosacearum strain IRAN 4194C was obtained from vineyards of Paveh, Kermanshah Province, showing grapevines trunk diseases symptoms while the strain IRAN 4287C was obtained from oak trees showing charcoal canker and decline in Kermanshah Province (Gilan-e Gharb, Iran), respectively. DNA extraction, PCR, and maximum parsimony analysis were performed as previously reported [23]. ITS region of ribosomal DNA and a part of β-tubulin gene (tub2) were amplified for identification of the isolates.…”

“…Of these, 16 isolates, on the basis of morphology, cultural characteristics, and molecular data (ITS sequence data), were characterized as Biscogniauxia rosacearum. Thus, this fungus was reported for the first time as a pathogen associated with grapevine trunk diseases across the world [23].…”