Bismuth nanoparticles obtained by a facile synthesis method exhibit antimicrobial activity againstStaphylococcus aureusandCandida albicans

Abstract

19Bismuth compounds are known for their activity against multiple microorganisms; yet, the antibiotic properties of 20 bismuth nanoparticles (BiNPs) remain poorly explored. The objective of this work is to further the research of 21BiNPs for nanomedicine, particularly as a disinfectant and for future treatments. Stable PVP-coated BiNPs were 22 produced by a chemical reduction process, in less than 30 minutes, in a heated alkaline glycine solution, by the 23 chelation and reduction of the bismuth (III) ion; resulting in the generation of small, spheroid particles with a 24 crystalline organization. We assessed the antibacterial and antifungal activity of bismuth nanoparticles. PVP-25BiNPs showed potent antibacterial activity against the pathogenic bacterium Staphylococcus aureus and 26 antifungal activity against the opportunistic pathogenic yeast Candida albicans, both under planktonic and biofilm 27 growing conditions. Our results indicate that BiNPs represent promising antimicrobial nanomaterials, and this 28 facile synthetic method may allow for further investigation of their activity against a variety of pathogenic 29 microorganisms. 30 31 for years) [1,2]. Bismuth is insoluble in water but soluble in some organic solutions. The water-solubility and 36 lipophilicity of bismuth can be enhanced when it is complexed with lipophilic molecules [3] and its biocompatibility 37 is increased when it is chelated with hydroxyl or sulfhydryl groups. Bismuth compounds have been used in 38 medicine for more than two centuries [4]. Bismuth subsalicylate is utilized to treat diarrhea-related ailments since 39 the 1900s [5], and most recently, bismuth compounds have been used in computed tomography imaging and 40anti-cancer therapy [6,7]. In the U.S., around 30% of the bismuth compounds are used for cosmetic and 41 pharmaceutical applications [4]. 42Several bismuth compounds display antibacterial and antifungal activity [8,9], and can outperform the inhibitory 43 activity of conventional antibiotics [10]. When bismuth is thiolated, such as in the case of bismuth-thiols (BTs) 44 complexes, its antimicrobial activity is further enhanced [11]. Bismuth-dimercaptopropanol (bismuth-BAL) and 45other BTs display anti-biofilm activity [12]. Additionally, the thiolation of bismuth complexes increases their 46 stability [13]; however, BTs stability is still relatively low when compared to other antimicrobial agents [14]. 47 of synthesis, as follows: High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HR-TEM) for determining the 96 single-particle structural lattice, using Selected-Area Electron Diffraction (SAED) analysis. The PVP-BiNPs, 97 deposited on Type-B carbon-coated copper grids (Ted Pella Inc.), were examined in a JEOL 2010-F HR-TEM 98 (Jeol Ltd.), with 200 kV accelerating voltage. Dynamic Light Scattering analysis to determine the hydrodynamic 99 size, using a Zetasizer Nano ZS (Malvern Panalytical). PVP-BiNPs were diluted in Milli Q water and then 100 transferred to a DTS1070 cell for the analysis. UV-Vis spectroscopy to follow...

Bismuth Nanoantibiotics Display Anticandidal Activity and Disrupt the Biofilm and Cell Morphology of the Emergent Pathogenic Yeast Candida auris

“…Bismuth compounds have been historically used as antimicrobial agents [ 48 ], and some bismuth-based compounds and BiNPs exhibit anticandidal activity against C. albicans [ 49 , 50 ]. In a recent report, we described a new method for producing PVP-coated BiNPs with potential antimicrobial activity [ 51 ] and subsequently demonstrated their antibacterial and antifungal activity against Staphylococcus aureus and C. albicans , respectively [ 52 ]. In this work, we hypothesized that BiNPs display anticandidal activity against the different strains of C. auris .…”

Beyond the Nanomaterials Approach: Influence of Culture Conditions on the Stability and Antimicrobial Activity of Silver Nanoparticles

“…Also, it demonstrates that the AgNP antimicrobial potency from studies with the different experimental setups should not be directly compared as a comparison may be misleading. Finally, this approach could be potentially extended beyond AgNPs as there are many other nanoantibiotics under research. , …”

Recent advances in ecofriendly 2D monoelemental bismuthene as an emerging material for energy, catalysis and biomedical applications

“…Generally, bismuth nanoparticles are synthesized though the reduction method using appropriate reducing agents such as sodium borohydride or hydrazine. [71][72][73] This method produces small and uniform nanoparticles, but it requires careful control of the reaction conditions to avoid agglomeration and oxidation. As reported by Wu et al, the solvothermal synthesis method also can be implemented for the synthesis of bismuth nanoparticles.…”