Bisphenol A as a risk factor for allergic rhinitis in children

Abstract

Aim: Bisphenol-A (BPA) is an endocrine disrupting compound and may exacerbate or induce allergic diseases. To the best of our knowledge, there is little evidence regarding the effects of BPA exposure on allergic rhinitis (AR) in children. In the present study, we sought to examine whether exposure to BPA in children is associated with AR. Methods: This study was designed as a case controlled clinical study. 140 children diagnosed as allergic rhinitis and 140 healthy children as control group were recruited. BPA, interleukin-4, interleukin-13, total IgE and interferon-gamma levels were determined. Skin prick tests were performed in patient group. Total nasal symptom score and ARIA classification were used to predict disease severity. Results: Serum IL-4, IgE and BPA levels of children with allergic rhinitis were found to be significantly higher than the control group. BPA and IL-4 levels were significantly higher in moderate to severe-persistent group. There was a positive correlation between total nasal symptom scores and Bisphenol A levels in children with allergic rhinitis. Conclusions: The present study is the first to observe statistically significant relationship between BPA concentrations and allergic rhinitis in children. Also increased levels of BPA are associated with disease severity.

Human Exposure to Bisphenols, Parabens, and Benzophenones, and Its Relationship with the Inflammatory Response: A Systematic Review

“…Table 1 exhibits the main characteristics of the 20 studies [ 43 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 ]. All included studies were published in the last 15 years (2008–2023).…”

“…The reporting quality was classified as high in 15 studies (75.0%), while five studies (25.0%) had medium reporting quality [ 62 , 66 , 71 , 72 , 73 ]. The risk of bias was classified as very high in two studies [ 58 , 71 ], high in six studies [ 59 , 62 , 65 , 66 , 70 , 72 ], with some concerns in three studies [ 56 , 61 , 68 ], and low in nine studies [ 43 , 57 , 60 , 62 , 63 , 67 , 69 , 73 , 74 ] ( Figure 2 ). Taken together, the higher concerns were due to confounding, the measurement of the exposure, and missing data, as shown in Figure 3 .…”

“…Characteristics of study participants in the included studies are depicted in Supplementary Table S2 . Two studies (10.0%) [ 67 , 68 ] were focused on children (boys and girls) and 18 on adults [one in men (5.0%), eight in women (40%; six of them during pregnancy) and nine (45.0%) included men and women]. The majority of studies included healthy population exclusively ( n = 13, 65.0%), five studies combined healthy and pathologic patients (people with diabetes, allergic rhinitis, rheumatoid arthritis, and polycystic ovary syndrome), one study was focused on patients with Crohn’s disease and another study on women with unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion.…”

“…Moreover, although most studies were focused on well-known inflammatory biomarkers such as CRP, IL-6, IL-10, IL-1α or IL-1β, more than 30 biomarkers of inflammation have been addressed (CRP, IL-1α, IL-1ra, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9 IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-15, IL-17a, IL-23, IL-33, TNF-α, TGF-β, IFN-γ, GM-CSF, MCP-1, MCP-3, MIP1-a, MIP1-b, VEGF, FGF-basic, eotaxin, PDGF-BB, RANTES, ALT, AST, and γ-GTP). More than a half of the studies included in this review ( n = 13, 65.0%) reported significant associations between any of the target EDCs included in this review and different inflammation parameters [ 43 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 63 , 65 , 66 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 72 , 74 ]. However, one-quarter of the selected studies were classified as medium reporting quality, and a certain degree of risk of bias was observed in more than half of the selected studies.…”

Unravelling sex-specific BPA toxicokinetics in children using a pediatric PBPK model

“…Humans are being exposed to the bisphenol A (BPA) through plastic food, beverage containers, thermal receipts, medical devices, canned food, and sealant, with detectable levels occurring in urine worldwide (Harley et al, 2013;Braun and Hauser, 2011;Bushnik et al, 2010). Several human studies have reported BPA exposure is associated with the adverse health outcomes, particularly at young age (Nalbantoglu et al, 2021;Healy et al, 2015;Eng et al, 2013). Since BPA has an endocrinological activity and can mimic the hormones like estrogen, hormone-regulated pathways are disrupted, affecting normal growth and development (Martínez et al, 2020;Ohore and Zhang, 2019).…”