Bisphosphonate-based surface biofunctionalization improves titanium biocompatibility

Abstract

Novel-biofunctionalized surfaces are required to improve the performance of endosseous implants, which are mainly related to the resistance against biocorrosion, as well as for the consideration of osteoinductive phenomena. Among different strategies, the use of bisphosphonate molecules as linkers between titanium dioxide (TiO 2) surfaces and proteins is a distinctive approach, one in which bisphosphonate could play a role in the osseointegration. Thus, to address this issue, we proposed a novel biofunctionalization of TiO 2 surfaces using sodium alendronate (ALN) as a linker and bovine serum albumin as the protein. Physicochemical analysis of the functionalized surfaces was performed using contact angle analyses and surface roughness measurements, which indicated an efficient functionalization. The biocompatibility of the functionalized surfaces was analyzed through the adhesion behavior of the pre-osteoblasts onto the samples. Overall, our data showed a significant improvement concerning the cell adhesion by modulating the adhesion cell-related set of genes. The obtained results show that for modified surfaces there is an increase of up to 100 times in the percentage of cells adhered when compared to the control, besides the extracellular matrix remodeling seemed to be an essential prerequisite for the early stages of cell adhesion on to the biomaterials, which was assayed by evaluating the matrix metalloproteinase activities as well as the gene activations. In the expressions of the Bsp and Bglap2 genes, for the group containing ALN (TiO 2 + ALN), it was observed an increase in expression (approximately sixfold change) when compared to the control. Altogether, our data clearly showed that the bisphosphonate-biofunctionalized surface enhanced the biocompatibility of titanium and claims to further progress preclinical in vivo experimentation.

The Impact of Graphene Oxide on Polycaprolactone PCL Surfaces: Antimicrobial Activity and Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cell

“…Precisely, the binding CD44-hyaluronan triggers cell migration; instead, the cleavage of CD44 by MMPs hinders migration [27]. The MMPs are key factors of ECM remodeling, the essential prerequisite for the early stages of cell adhesion on biomaterials [28]. Among the MMPs investigated, the MMP11 and the inhibitor TIMP1 were upregulated on all rGO-PCL surfaces.…”

Bisphosphonate-incorporated coatings for orthopedic implants functionalization

“… [ 158 ] TiO 2 film ALN ALN adsorbed into TiO 2 coated Ti substrate In vitro ALN/TiO2 composite coating surface enhanced the biocompatibility of Ti. [ 180 ] Mesoporous TiO 2 film ALN ALN adsorbed into mesoporous TiO2 film coated Ti In vitro When ALN was released from the coating, the surface became completely covered with apatite. [ 181 ] Nanotube TiO 2 Ibandronate Ibandronate adsorbed into nanotube TiO2 coated Ti In vivo (rat) Ibandronate coating significantly improved the degree of osseointegration.…”

The Action of Angiocrine Molecules Sourced from Mechanotransduction-Related Endothelial Cell Partially Explain the Successful of Titanium in Osseointegration

“…We considered that bioinspiration in embryogenesis stages must be better applied during biomaterial development, looking for more biomimetic materials where the surface of biomaterials can initiate important biological changes [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ]. In most cases, the cellular phenotype and quality of osseointegration are time-dependent, and it is consequently necessary to monitor the cellular response through biological players that control the intracellular pathways in response to the biomaterial surface [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ]. In this scenario, the capacity of the biomaterial in adsorbing proteins on their surface to favor later cell adhesion is a desirable property for novel materials [ 21 , 22 ].…”