Bivalent DNA vaccine induces significant immune responses against infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus and infectious pancreatic necrosis virus in rainbow trout

Abstract

Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) and infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) are important pathogens of salmon and trout. An active bivalent DNA vaccine was constructed with the glycoprotein gene of Chinese IHNV isolate Sn1203 and VP2–VP3 gene of Chinese IPNV isolate ChRtm213. Rainbow trout (5 g) were vaccinated by intramuscular injection with 1.0 µg of the bivalent DNA vaccine and then challenged with an intraperitoneal injection of IHNV, IPNV, or both, at 30 and 60 days post-vaccination (d.p.v.). High protection rates against IHNV were observed, with 6% and 10% cumulative mortality, respectively, compared with 90–94% in the mock-vaccinated groups. IPNV loads (531-fold and 135-fold, respectively) were significantly reduced in the anterior kidneys of the vaccinated trout. Significant protection against co-infection with IHNV and IPNV was observed, with cumulative mortality rates of 6.67% and 3.33%, respectively, compared with 50.0% and 43.3%, respectively, in the mock-vaccinated groups. No detectable infective IHNV or IPNV was recovered from vaccinated trout co-infected with IHNV and IPNV. The bivalent DNA vaccine increased the expression of Mx-1 and IFN-γ at 4, 7, and 15 d.p.v, and IgM at 21 d.p.v., and induced high titres (≥160) of IHNV and IPNV neutralizing antibodies at 30 and 60 d.p.v.

Comprehensive update on inventory of finfish cell lines developed during the last decade (2010–2020)

“…The cell line SSP-9 was identified to be useful for developing vaccines against infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) and infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) (Saint-Jean et al 2014). EPC cells were used to produce bivalent DNA vaccine p Ch-IHN/IPN against IHNV and IPNV (Xu et al 2017). Cell culture has been very useful in identification and characterization emerging viral infections and understanding host immune responses for easy development of vaccines (Haugland et al 2011).…”

Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus: advances in diagnosis and vaccine development

“…Remarkably, a recent bivalent DNA vaccine encoding both the G protein of IHNV and VP2–VP3 of IPNV was shown to be highly effective in rainbow trout against individual and simultaneous IHNV and IPNV challenges. In all cases, the RPS was over 90% (Xu et al, 2017b). Multivalent vaccines have an added advantage over multi-DNA vaccination due to lower cost of production, as only one type of plasmid is required to produce multiple immunogenic antigens.…”

Interleukin 34 Serves as a Novel Molecular Adjuvant against Nocardia Seriolae Infection in Largemouth Bass (Micropterus Salmoides)

“…Expression of pcIL-34 and pcHrp1 in largemouth bass muscle tissue was confirmed by Western blotting at 21 days p.v. as described previously [48,49]. The muscle tissue of five fish in each experimental group were biopsied at the injection site, homogenized in buffer containing 100 mmol mL −1 Tris-HCl, pH = 6.8; 1.0 mmol mL −1 phenylmethysulfonyl fluoride (PMSF), 6% Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and 2% β-mercapthoethanol, and then subjected to a 12% SDS-PAGE gel.…”