Black Drum Fish Teeth: Built for Crushing Mollusk Shells

Deng, Zhifei; Loh, Hyun-Chae; Jia, Zian; Stifler, Cayla A.; Mašić, Admir; Gilbert, Pupa; Shahar, Ron; Li, Ling

doi:10.1016/j.actbio.2021.10.023

Cited by 21 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…Another common example of element substitution in biominerals is the fluoridation of HAP crystals, that is, the substitution of the OH − groups with F − in Ca 10 (PO4) 6 (OH) 2 . F-HAP crystals are commonly used as the basic building blocks in the teeth of many fish (e.g., sharks, [90,123] parrotfish, [124] and black drum [125] ) and the impact surface of the stomatopod dactyl clubs. [126,127] F substitution in HAP also induces change in lattice parameters (shrinkage in a-axis while expansion along c-axis).…”

Section: Fluoride In Hydroxyapatitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomineralized Materials as Model Systems for Structural Composites: Intracrystalline Structural Features and Their Strengthening and Toughening Mechanisms

Deng

Jia

2022

Advanced Science

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Biomineralized composites, which are usually composed of microscopic mineral building blocks organized in 3D intercrystalline organic matrices, have evolved unique structural designs to fulfill mechanical and other biological functionalities. While it has been well recognized that the intricate architectural designs of biomineralized composites contribute to their remarkable mechanical performance, the structural features within and corresponding mechanical properties of individual mineral building blocks are often less appreciated in the context of bio-inspired structural composites. The mineral building blocks in biomineralized composites exhibit a variety of salient intracrystalline structural features, such as, organic inclusions, inorganic impurities (or trace elements), crystalline features (e.g., amorphous phases, single crystals, splitting crystals, polycrystals, and nanograins), residual stress/strain, and twinning, which significantly modify the mechanical properties of biogenic minerals. In this review, recent progress in elucidating the intracrystalline structural features of three most common biomineral systems (calcite, aragonite, and hydroxyapatite) and their corresponding mechanical significance are discussed. Future research directions and corresponding challenges are proposed and discussed, such as the advanced structural characterizations and formation mechanisms of intracrystalline structures in biominerals, amorphous biominerals, and bio-inspired synthesis.

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Section: Fluoride In Hydroxyapatitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomineralized Materials as Model Systems for Structural Composites: Intracrystalline Structural Features and Their Strengthening and Toughening Mechanisms

Deng

Jia

2022

Advanced Science

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“…d) Needle‐like nanorods in the enameloid of black drum fish teeth. [ 95 ] e) Calcitic fibers with a fan‐shaped cross‐section in the secondary layer of the terebratulid brachiopod Laqueus rubellus . Inset shows the organic membranes between fibers.…”

Section: Organization Of Biomineralized Materials: Universality–diver...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Organization Of Biomineralized Materials: Universality–diver...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biomineralized Materials as Model Systems for Structural Composites: 3D Architecture

Jia

Deng

2022

Advanced Materials

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Biomineralized materials are sophisticated material systems with hierarchical 3D material architectures, which are broadly used as model systems for fundamental mechanical, materials science, and biomimetic studies. The current knowledge of the structure of biological materials is mainly based on 2D imaging, which often impedes comprehensive and accurate understanding of the materials’ intricate 3D microstructure and consequently their mechanics, functions, and bioinspired designs. The development of 3D techniques such as tomography, additive manufacturing, and 4D testing has opened pathways to study biological materials fully in 3D. This review discusses how applying 3D techniques can provide new insights into biomineralized materials that are either well known or possess complex microstructures that are challenging to understand in the 2D framework. The diverse structures of biomineralized materials are characterized based on four universal structural motifs. Nacre is selected as an example to demonstrate how the progression of knowledge from 2D to 3D can bring substantial improvements to understanding the growth mechanism, biomechanics, and bioinspired designs. State‐of‐the‐art multiscale 3D tomographic techniques are discussed with a focus on their integration with 3D geometric quantification, 4D in situ experiments, and multiscale modeling. Outlook is given on the emerging approaches to investigate the synthesis–structure–function–biomimetics relationship.

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“…G. Experimentally measured indentation fracture toughness (abbreviated as "Toughness"), obtained by fitting the correlation between damage radius (RD, a measure of crack length) and indentation load (see Methods and Fig. S5) 53,56 . Data are presented as mean ± SD over multiple locations within the same sample, except for the spherulites, where several samples are considered.…”

Section: Toughness Of Slightly Misoriented Vs Single-crystalline Arag...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Convergent, slightly misoriented crystals toughen corals and seashells

Gilbert

Lew

Stifler

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The hardest and toughest tissues formed by living organisms are organic-mineral composites termed biominerals 1,2. When they are crystalline, their mesostructure includes the nano- and micro-scale crystallite size, shape, arrangement, and orientation. Mesostructures vary enormously across marine CaCO3 biominerals (aragonite, vaterite, calcite) because they result from divergent evolution: biominerals were formed long after organisms diverged from one another 3,4. Despite such diversity, CaCO3 marine biominerals share a convergent character: adjacent crystals are similarly oriented 5-32. The reason for such convergence is unclear. Here, we show with quantitative, precise measurements at the nanoscale that the slight misorientation is consistently between 1°-40° in diverse biominerals. Can this slight misorientation confer a desirable materials property and therefore an evolutionary advantage to the forming organisms? We test and confirm this hypothesis with nanoindentation in diverse biominerals, geologic aragonite, and in abiotic, slightly misoriented, synthetic spherulites. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of bicrystals reveal that aragonite, vaterite, calcite, exhibit toughness peaks when they are misoriented by 10°, 20°, 30°, respectively, demonstrating that slight misorientation alone increases crack deflection and therefore fracture toughness. Slight misorientation, along with other previously known and co-existing toughening mechanisms, was selected repeatedly and convergently, during the course of evolution, to postpone fracture and thus provide organisms with competitive advantage. We anticipate slight misorientation-toughening to be a starting point for more sophisticated materials synthesis and additive manufacturing in many fields. Compared to previously known toughening mechanisms, in fact, the advantages of slight misorientation are that it can and does occur in synthetic materials, it requires one material only and no specific top-down architecture, it is easily achieved by self-assembly of organic molecules (e.g. aspirin, chocolate), polymers, metals, and ceramics 29 well beyond biominerals.

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Black Drum Fish Teeth: Built for Crushing Mollusk Shells

Cited by 21 publications

References 76 publications

Biomineralized Materials as Model Systems for Structural Composites: Intracrystalline Structural Features and Their Strengthening and Toughening Mechanisms

Biomineralized Materials as Model Systems for Structural Composites: Intracrystalline Structural Features and Their Strengthening and Toughening Mechanisms

Biomineralized Materials as Model Systems for Structural Composites: 3D Architecture

Convergent, slightly misoriented crystals toughen corals and seashells

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