Black esophagus

Monteiro, Juliana S. C.; Castelo, Lucas Freire; Fischera, William George Giusti; Felipe-Silva, Aloísio

doi:10.4322/acr.2018.077

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…Other specific risk factors have been described [ 14 ], such as diabetic ketoacidosis [ 15 ], the use of drugs, such as cocaine [ 16 ], hypothermia [ 1 ], gastrointestinal pathology, such as acute gastric outlet obstruction [ 17 ], malignancy [ 18 ], surgical interventions, and different infections by bacteria, viruses and fungi, such as Candida sp. [ 19 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main complications are esophageal perforation (5.7%), which leads to the occurrence of mediastinitis or the formation of abscesses, and esophageal stenosis (10.2%), which is probably related to impaired mucosal healing [ 13 ]. There are few cases reported in the literature with esophageal perforation associated with necrosis, and only 6 of the 130 cases were evaluated [ 14 ]. All of these patients presented with mediastinitis [ 3 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sudden Esophageal Necrosis and Mediastinitis Associated with Invasive Candidiasis: A Case Report

et al. 2021

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Patient: Male, 35-year-old Final Diagnosis: Esophageal perforation Symptoms: Emesis Medication:— Clinical Procedure: — Specialty: Critical Care Medicine Objective: Rare disease Background: Esophageal necrosis is a rare entity characterized by the presence of extensive circumferential necrosis of the esophagus. It generally affects older adults who have associated chronic pathologies and has a reported mortality rate of approximately 32%. Most patients with esophageal necrosis have a complex clinical course. Case Report: We present the case of a 37-year-old man with idiopathic chronic renal failure who presented to the Emergency Department with sudden esophageal necrosis and mediastinitis, associated with invasive candidiasis. Diagnosis was challenging owing to the rarity of the condition. The patient required intensive care management and multiple surgical procedures. Conclusions: Esophageal necrosis is an uncommon pathology that can be fatal because of associated complications. Its pathophysiology is unclear, and its treatment is based on the control of local injury and signs and symptoms. Acute esophageal necrosis associated with invasive Candida sp. infection is even more infrequent, with only a few cases reported in the literature.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sudden Esophageal Necrosis and Mediastinitis Associated with Invasive Candidiasis: A Case Report

et al. 2021

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“…Case reports published in literature reviews were also included on the condition that patient history was sufficiently detailed. The endoscopy series initially included 88 publications, of which 26 publications on a total of 41 deceased patients were retained (Gurvits et al 2015;Ben Soussan et al 2002;Averbukh et al 2018;Barnes et al 2014;Day and Sayegh 2010;Del Hierro 2011;Essamri et al 2001;Grudell et al 2006;Julian Gomez et al 2008;Kalva et al 2016;Katsinelos et al 2004;Koop et al 2016;Lahbabi et al 2013;Maher and Nassar 2008;Odelowo et al 2002;Ramos et al 2008;Rodrigues et al 2016;Roman Fernandez et al 2014;Salem et al 2015;Shafa et al 2016;Shah et al 2017;Sharma et al 2016;Singh et al 2011;Wu and Wu 2014;Monteiro et al 2019;Khan et al 2019). The autopsy series initially comprised 13 publications, of which 11 publications on a total of 17 patients were retained in this review.…”

Section: Literature Review Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Black esophagus as an autopsy discovery: a challenging interpretation

Kerschen

Schmit

Boosere

et al. 2020

Egypt J Forensic Sci

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Black esophagus is a rare medical condition, characterized by a circumferential blackish discoloration of the distal part of the esophageal mucosa, abruptly ending at the gastroesophageal junction. The etiology is multifactorial since patients suffer from multiple comorbidities. While the mortality rate specifically linked to black esophagus is only around 6%, the mortality rate linked to the underlying comorbidities amounts to 32%. A series of five cases is provided in which black esophagus was an unexpected discovery at autopsy. Black esophagus is generally considered being a challenge to the forensic pathologist. There are often no other major gross anomalies found at autopsy and information about the patient's medical history is not always available, which complicates a correct assessment. We present a review of the literature on black esophagus, limited to reports on deceased patients. The reviewed publications are divided into autopsy and endoscopy series to correctly compare the causes of death. The aim of this review is to identify a possible divergence in causes of death in autopsy and endoscopy series and additionally to analyze the causes of these differences to enable better assessment and interpretation of black esophagus at forensic autopsies. This paper emphasizes the importance of a minimal knowledge of the victim's comorbidities and medical record and the use of toxicology and postmortem biochemistry analysis as a valuable tool in investigating the cause of death in the setting of black esophagus.

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