Black phosphorus nanoparticles as a novel fluorescent sensing platform for nucleic acid detection

Black phosphorus (BP) has increasingly attracted scientific attention since its first applications in biomedicine due to its unique properties and excellent biocompatibility. In particular, its layer-dependent bandgap, moderate carrier mobility, large surface-area-to-volume ratio, biodegradability, intrinsic photoacoustic properties, and biocompatibility make it an ideal candidate for use in photothermal therapy, photodynamic therapy, drug delivery, 3D printing, bioimaging, biosensing, and theranostics, which are reviewed here. In addition, the article discusses strategies to overcome challenges related to surface instability due to chemical degradation, a major obstacle for its application. This review not only provides a comprehensive summary on BP preparation and biomedical applications but also summarizes recent research and future possibilities.

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Section: Biomedical Applications Of Bpmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yew et al obtained BP nanoparticles by a one‐step synthesis method, which successfully employed nanofluorophores for DNA detection (Figure B). As a fluorophore, BP nanoparticles had a minimum detection limit of 5.9 × 10 −12 m , and also possessed a minimum quantification detection limit of 19.7 × 10 −12 m .…”

Section: Biomedical Applications Of Bpmentioning

confidence: 99%

2D Black Phosphorus–Based Biomedical Applications

Luo

Fan

Zhou

et al. 2019

Adv Funct Materials

499

306

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“…The introduction of nanomaterials have contributed mostly to the diversity of FL biosensors and various structures of nanomaterials, to some extent, can be designed to rationalize the express of FL signal such as FL enhancement or FL quenching . BP nanomaterials, as one of the most popular nanomaterials, have also stimulated researchers to investigate their application in FL biosensing platform …”

Section: Biosensing Application Of Nano‐bpmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The demonstrated BPQDs‐based FL biosensor showed a considerable sensitivity toward AChE activity from 0.2 unit L −1 to 5.0 unit L −1 with a detection limit of 0.04 unit L −1 (Figure c,d). BP nanoparticles (BPNPs) have ever been evidenced to display maximum FL emission at 527 nm under the excitation wavelength of 200 nm, based on which a DNA biosensor with the employment of BPNPs as FL signal reporters was proposed . Typically, dabcyl was used as the dark quencher to label single‐stranded DNA, forming dabcyl‐Lprobes.…”

Section: Biosensing Application Of Nano‐bpmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances on Black Phosphorus for Biomedicine and Biosensing

Xia

Guo

2019

Adv Funct Materials

201

115

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Black phosphorus nanostructures (nano-BPs) include BP nanosheets, BP quantum dots, and BP nanoparticles. Since first being discovered in 2014, nano-BP has become one of the most popular nanomaterials. Nano-BP has many unique properties, such as excellent surface activity, tunable bandgap, high carrier mobility, moderate on/off ratio, excellent biocompatibility, good biodegradation, etc., all of which make nano-BP particularly attractive in biomedicine and biosensing. This review article comprehensively summarizes recent advances in synthesis, functionalization, biomedicine, and biosensing applications of nano-BP. Different methods are first introduced, such as mechanical cleavage, liquid-phase ultrasonic exfoliation, electrochemical exfoliation, solvothermal treatment, and acoustic-microfluidic stripping, for making the nano-BP. Then two strategies are emphasized to enhance ambient stability of nano-BP, namely physical encapsulation and chemical modification. Next, how to develop nano-BP as advanced imaging agents, nanocarriers, and nanomedicine for bioimaging (fluorescence imaging, thermal imaging, and photoacoustic imaging) and disease treatment (phototherapy and photo/chemical/immune synergistic therapy) is demonstrated. The biosensing applications on nano-BP is introduced, including electrochemical biosensor, fluorescence biosensor, chemiluminescence biosensor, electrogenerated chemiluminescence biosensor, and colorimetric biosensor. Finally, the current challenges and future perspectives on nano-BP in bioapplications are discussed. Nano-BP SynthesisLayered nanomaterials are usually exfoliated from bulk crystals. [35] Compared with bulk materials, monolayer or fewlayer nanomaterials possess the enhanced surface area, excellent physiochemical activity and optoelectronic property. The exfoliation from bulk crystal to monolayer or few-layer nanosheets has been widely applied for preparing almost all the 2D nanomaterials, graphene, MoS 2 , MXene nanosheets, etc. [36] Bulk BP, similar to graphite, is the stacking of layered BP nanosheets via the weak van der Waals force. The destruction of the external driving forces to the weak van der Waals interaction between the stack layers greatly contributes to the exfoliation of nano-BP from the bulk counterparts. Mechanical exfoliation and liquid phase ultrasonic exfoliation are the two most popular approaches, and some other methods were also involved, electrochemical exfoliation and solvothermal treatment, for instance. Table 1 summarizes the advantages and limitations of different exfoliation methods. Mechanical ExfoliationMechanical exfoliation, also called scotch-tape delamination, mainly utilizes the larger binding energy between the substrate and layered materials than van der Waals forces in Figure 2. a) Schematic illustration of meta-assisted mechanical exfoliation for FLBP. b) The left is FLBPs exfoliated using the normal scotch-tape microcleavage, and the right is FLBP exfoliated using Au-assisted method, and c) the total area of FLBP on 10 different samples. ...

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“…23 Thus, phosphorus-based materials are expected to be biocompatible with a wider range of potential applications in biomedical¯elds. [24][25][26] One of the examples is usage of excellent intrinsic electrochemical properties of BP for biosensing of nucleic acid, 27 immunoglobulin G (IgG) 28 and myoglobin (Mb). 29 Another example is nano-BP usage for cancer therapy and drug delivery since it demonstrates high drug loading e±ciency, excellent photodynamic and photothermal properties as well as good biocompatibility.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Black phosphorus as a versatile nanoplatform: From unique properties to biomedical applications

Xiong

Chen

Liu

et al. 2020

J. Innov. Opt. Health Sci.

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Black phosphorus (BP) or phosphorene, a new superstar among two-dimensional (2D) materials, has sparked huge scientific interest since its discovery in 2014. BP offers unique characteristics including high drug loading efficiency, excellent photodynamic and photothermal properties and good biocompatibility. These characteristics expand versatility of BP in nanomedicine. Although the outlook of BP seems promising, its practical biomedical applications are still at the very initial stage especially in comparison to other thoroughly investigated inorganic nanomaterials. This paper reviews BP structure and properties as well as its preparation approaches with the emphasis on techniques to improve BP stability and biocompatibility for their further usage in physiological environment. Meanwhile, recent progress made in various biomedical research fields from bioimaging to biosensing is discussed. Last, but not least, current challenges and prospects for BP in biomedicine are briefly examined, which will be useful to guide future developments of BP.

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Black phosphorus nanoparticles as a novel fluorescent sensing platform for nucleic acid detection

Abstract: Black phosphorus nanoparticles were successfully employed as nanofluorophores in the development of a fluorescent sensing platform for DNA detection.

Cited by 88 publications

References 48 publications

2D Black Phosphorus–Based Biomedical Applications

2D Black Phosphorus–Based Biomedical Applications

Recent Advances on Black Phosphorus for Biomedicine and Biosensing

Black phosphorus as a versatile nanoplatform: From unique properties to biomedical applications

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