Bladder cancer in various population groups in the greater Durban area of KwaZulu‐Natal, South Africa

Groeneveld, A.E.; Marszałek, Wiesław; Heyns, Chris F.

doi:10.1046/j.1464-410x.1996.09310.x

Cited by 38 publications

(23 citation statements)

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“…The mass being usually >3 cm in size at first presentation. [313233] The SCC is also muscle invasive in 80% of cases at the time at first presentation. [34] In contrast, TCC tends to be multifocal small and papillary like with little or no muscle invasion at first presentation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of bladder cancer in Sub-Saharan Africa: A different disease, with a distinct presentation, assessment, and treatment

Bowa

Mulele

Kachimba³

et al. 2018

Ann Afr Med

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Background:Cancer of the bladder is the ninth leading cause of cancer in developed countries. It is the second most common urological malignancy. Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) is the most common histological subtype in developed countries. In most of Africa, the most common type is squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Cancer of bladder guidelines produced by the European Urological Association and the American Urological Association, including the tumor, node, and metastasis staging is focused on TCC of the bladder.Objectives:The purpose of the study is to review the pathogenesis, pathology, presentation, and management of cancer of the bladder in Africa and to use this information to propose a practical staging system for SCC.Methods:The study used the meta-analysis guideline provided by PRISMA using bladder cancer in Africa as the key search word. The study collected articles available on PubMed as of July 2017, Africa Online and Africa Index Medicus. PRISMA guidelines were used to screen for full-length hospital-based articles on cancer of the bladder in Africa. These articles were analyzed under four subcategories which were pathogenesis, pathology, clinical presentation, and management. The information extracted was pooled and used to propose a practical staging system for use in African settings.Results:The result of evaluation of 821 articles yielded 23 full-length papers on hospital-based studies of cancer of the bladder in Africa. Cancer of the bladder in most of Africa is still predominantly SCC (53%–69%). There has been a notable increase in TCC in Africa (9%–41%). The pathogenesis is mostly schistosoma-related SCC presents late with painful hematuria and necroturia (20%). SCC responds poorly to chemotherapy or radiotherapy. The main management of SCC is open surgery. This review allowed for a practical organ-based stage of SCC of the bladder that can be used in Africa.Conclusion:Bladder cancer in Africa presents differently from that in developed countries. Guidelines on cancer of the bladder may need to take account of this to improve bladder cancer management in Africa.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of bladder cancer in Sub-Saharan Africa: A different disease, with a distinct presentation, assessment, and treatment

Bowa

Mulele

Kachimba³

et al. 2018

Ann Afr Med

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“… 16,17 This parasite is presumed to cause cancer by invoking chronic inflammation and interfering with the metabolism of cigarette smoke‐related bladder mutagens. Interestingly, most cancers caused by schistosomiasis are squamous cell in origin and appear in younger patients 18,19 …”

Section: Risk Factors For Bladder Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Bladder Cancer

et al. 2002

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Bladder cancer is a commonly occurring disease. Prevention efforts must focus on the avoidance or cessation of cigarette smoking and on public education relating to known environmental risk factors. Patient and disease factors must be considered in making treatment decisions and determining prognosis. Careful follow-up after treatment is essential. It is hoped that ongoing research on potential tumor markers and tumor-specific therapies ultimately will result in improved clinical outcomes for patients with this malignancy.

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“…Its incidence in whites seems lower than in blacks even in the presence of the same environmental agents. Groeneveld et al [1]reported the incidence of the different histotypes of bladder cancer in various races living in the same region of South Africa. Squamous cell carcinoma represented 53% of all bladder tumors of the African patients but only 2% of the Caucasians.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%