Bladder Evacuation in Paraplegic Dogs by Direct Electric Stimulation

Role of the bladder neck in micturition

“…An idea to deplete the bladder by some electrical methods has been suggested (Schoenberg et aI., 1963;Boyce et aI., 1964;Graber and Rutishauser, 1965;Backer, 1974;Jonas, 1978;Bradley, 1986;Tanagho, 1990). Possibilitieshave been detected in using a pacemaker operated by electrodes grafted to the vesical wall (Kantrowitz and Schamann, 1964;Sussetand Boetor, 1967;Archimbaud, 1970;Magasi, 1976 andMerril, 1979), to perform intravenous stimulation (Ebner et aI., 1922) and to apply electrical stimulation to nerves and spinal nerve roots afferent to the bladder (Burghele et aI., 1959;Madersbacher et aI., 1988;Brindley and Rushton, 1990;Knoll et aI., 1992). We purchased our instruments from a foreign company.…”

Aplastic Anaemia

“…They include chloramphenicol,l phenylbutazone, and gold, while the phenothiazine tranquillizers and occasionally sulphonamides have also been involved. 2 In 1958 D. N. Mohler and B. S. Leavell' reported results with a group of 50 patients of whom 43 had the idiopathic forms ; 13 were still living 15 to 17 months after diagnosis and 3 had survived for more than five years. J. L. Scott, G. E. Cartwright, and M. M. Wintrobe4 reported a series of 39 cases (17 idiopathic and 22 due to drugs) of whom 14 showed partial or complete haematological recovery, and they noted that the recovery phase was gradual, and began at times which varied from as little as three months to as long as 10 years after onset.…”