“…FRP reinforcement has also been envisaged for use in waterfront protective structures, where steel corrosion is of critical concern. In this respect, Tang et al (2020) proposed the use of basalt FRP (BFRP) bars or hybrid steel-BFRP composite bars (SFCBs) to replace steel reinforcement in concrete arches/tunnels. The SFCB, initially proposed by Luo et al (2009), takes the form of a steel bar with a BFRP coating, and is thus expected to provide ductility, in addition to corrosion resistance, to the protective structure that it reinforces.…”
“…The proposed protective structures with BFRP or SFCB reinforcement are still in the development phase. A series of tests have been conducted on semi-circular arch specimens and such-based tunnels (Figure 11) to evaluate the static performance and blast resistance (Tang et al, 2020, 2021; Wu et al, 2022; Zhao et al, 2022). Figure 11.SFCBs/BFRP bars-reinforced semi-circular arch and such-based tunnel (Zhao et al, 2022): (a) Reinforcement cage; (b) Assembled modular tunnel.…”
“…In fact, the unique properties of FRP composites, alongside the various methods available for making curved FRP members, offer diverse possibilities for the promotion of this new building material in arch structures. An obvious one that has paramount significance is to use FRP to address the issue of degradation caused by steel corrosion, which is a major challenge facing RC and steel structures (Cui et al, 2021;Koch et al, 2016;Roberge, 2019), including arch structures, especially those exposed to a corrosive environment (e.g., underground environments, marine and coastal areas, and cold regions where de-icing salts are frequently used) (Caratelli et al, 2016;Dagher et al, 2012;Jiang, 2020;Lee and Shin, 2010;Tang et al, 2020). Another possibility resides in lightweight all-FRP applications (Bell et al, 2020;Caron et al, 2009;Liu et al, 2021a;Potyrala, 2011;Pyrzowski and Miśkiewicz, 2017;Sobrino and Pulido, 2002).…”
Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites are a class of advanced non-metallic materials featuring advantages of high strength, light weight and excellent corrosion resistance. These advantages, in conjunction with the various methods available for making curved FRP members, create a wide range of possibilities for innovating arch structures with FRP composites. However, this subject has received inadequate research attention despite the exciting prospects demonstrated by pioneer studies. This paper provides a review on this subject with the aim to build a holistic picture and engage wider research participation. The paper begins with an overview of four feasible manufacturing/forming methods (vacuum infusion, filament winding, pultrusion and active bending), with an emphasis on their capability of creating curved FRP members and potential applications in arch structures. A review is next made on previous arch projects and relevant novel concepts, which are classified into two categories (all-FRP arches and FRP-incorporating hybrid arches) with distinct functionality and targeted areas of application. On the basis of this review, directions for future development of each of the two categories are highlighted, with a number of challenges and potential solutions discussed.
“…FRP reinforcement has also been envisaged for use in waterfront protective structures, where steel corrosion is of critical concern. In this respect, Tang et al (2020) proposed the use of basalt FRP (BFRP) bars or hybrid steel-BFRP composite bars (SFCBs) to replace steel reinforcement in concrete arches/tunnels. The SFCB, initially proposed by Luo et al (2009), takes the form of a steel bar with a BFRP coating, and is thus expected to provide ductility, in addition to corrosion resistance, to the protective structure that it reinforces.…”
“…The proposed protective structures with BFRP or SFCB reinforcement are still in the development phase. A series of tests have been conducted on semi-circular arch specimens and such-based tunnels (Figure 11) to evaluate the static performance and blast resistance (Tang et al, 2020, 2021; Wu et al, 2022; Zhao et al, 2022). Figure 11.SFCBs/BFRP bars-reinforced semi-circular arch and such-based tunnel (Zhao et al, 2022): (a) Reinforcement cage; (b) Assembled modular tunnel.…”
“…In fact, the unique properties of FRP composites, alongside the various methods available for making curved FRP members, offer diverse possibilities for the promotion of this new building material in arch structures. An obvious one that has paramount significance is to use FRP to address the issue of degradation caused by steel corrosion, which is a major challenge facing RC and steel structures (Cui et al, 2021;Koch et al, 2016;Roberge, 2019), including arch structures, especially those exposed to a corrosive environment (e.g., underground environments, marine and coastal areas, and cold regions where de-icing salts are frequently used) (Caratelli et al, 2016;Dagher et al, 2012;Jiang, 2020;Lee and Shin, 2010;Tang et al, 2020). Another possibility resides in lightweight all-FRP applications (Bell et al, 2020;Caron et al, 2009;Liu et al, 2021a;Potyrala, 2011;Pyrzowski and Miśkiewicz, 2017;Sobrino and Pulido, 2002).…”
Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites are a class of advanced non-metallic materials featuring advantages of high strength, light weight and excellent corrosion resistance. These advantages, in conjunction with the various methods available for making curved FRP members, create a wide range of possibilities for innovating arch structures with FRP composites. However, this subject has received inadequate research attention despite the exciting prospects demonstrated by pioneer studies. This paper provides a review on this subject with the aim to build a holistic picture and engage wider research participation. The paper begins with an overview of four feasible manufacturing/forming methods (vacuum infusion, filament winding, pultrusion and active bending), with an emphasis on their capability of creating curved FRP members and potential applications in arch structures. A review is next made on previous arch projects and relevant novel concepts, which are classified into two categories (all-FRP arches and FRP-incorporating hybrid arches) with distinct functionality and targeted areas of application. On the basis of this review, directions for future development of each of the two categories are highlighted, with a number of challenges and potential solutions discussed.
“…To more accurately investigate the damage characteristic of underground fortification under blast load, scholars conducted lots of tests and generalized the damage law of underground fortification. [4][5][6][7][8] During the dynamic damage process of underground fortification, the load distribution law and load coefficient of explosion shock wave play an important role. Based on the theoretical analysis and experimental research, scholars studied the load distribution characteristic on the fortification surface under different working conditions.…”
Many key military targets have been moved underground to improve the battlefield survivability. To study the influence of explosion distance on the dynamic mechanical response of underground fortification, the full-time numerical simulation is conducted based on the CDEM numerical method. First, four numerical simulations corresponding to different explosion distances are conducted. Then, the displacement characteristic of underground fortification and rock mass is analyzed. Finally, the fracture characteristic of underground fortification and rock mass is analyzed. The numerical results show that the damage degree of underground fortification and rock mass weakens with the increase of explosion distance. When the distance increases from 5 m to 20 m, the volume of rock entering the underground fortification decreases from 24.78 m3 to 0 m3. The time-history curve of crack ratio has the four-stage characteristic, and it increases rapidly during the explosion initiation process. As the explosion distance increases, the top concrete wall mainly undergoes tensile fracture.
“…BFRP bars are not only used in beams, slabs, columns, and other common components [19][20][21] but are also used in the construction of concrete arch structures [22]. Tang et al [23,24] used BFRP bars instead of steel bars to make concrete arch members and found that the concrete arch with BFRP bars had comparable resistance to the concrete arch with steel bars, under air-explosion. Zhao et al [25] found that the BFRP-steel composite bars reinforced concrete arches exhibited a higher load-bearing capacity and more safety redundancy than the steel bars reinforced concrete arches.…”
This paper proposes a prefabricated basalt fiber reinforced polymer (BFRP) bars reinforcement of a concrete arch structure with superior performance in the field of protection engineering. To study the anti-blast performance of the shallow-buried BFRP bars concrete arch (BBCA), a multi-parameter comparative analysis was conducted employing the LS-DYNA numerical method, which was verified by the results of the field explosion experiments. By analyzing the pressure, displacement, acceleration of the arch, and the strain of the BFRP bars, the dynamic response of the arch was obtained. This study showed that BFRP bars could significantly optimize the dynamic responses of blast-loaded concrete arches. The damage of exploded BBCA was divided into five levels: no damage, slight damage, obvious damage, severe damage, and collapse. BFRP bars could effectively mitigate the degree of damage of shallow-buried underground protective arch structures under the explosive loads. According to the research results, it was feasible for BFRP bars to be used in the construction of shallow buried concrete protective arch structures, especially in the coastal environments.
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