Blatella germanica as a possible cockroach vector of micro-organisms in a hospital

Oliva, G. Risco; Díaz, Cristina; González, Omar Fuentes; Martínez, Maricela; Fernández, Carlos M. Fernández; Cordoví, Raúl A.; Lago, Pedro Más; Herrera, Nadia

doi:10.1016/j.jhin.2009.09.002

Cited by 23 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…The important role of cockroaches as a potential reservoir of multidrug-resistant bacteria demonstrated in this study and in earlier investigations with their presence in hospital environments, which has already been reported in Algeria (36) and other countries such as Turkey (9), Japan (37), and Cuba (38), urgently call for regulations regarding their control and elimination from clinical areas (11). …”

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confidence: 55%

First Report of German Cockroaches (Blattella germanica) as Reservoirs of CTX-M-15 Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase- and OXA-48 Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae in Batna University Hospital, Algeria

Loucif

Gacemi-Kirane

Cherak

et al. 2016

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Here we report the isolation of extended-spectrum ␤-lactamase (ESBL)-and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae from German cockroaches caught in the burn unit of Batna University Hospital in Algeria. Nine of 12 isolates harbored the bla CTX-M-15 ESBL gene. One Enterobacter cloacae isolate belonging to sequence type 528 coexpressed the bla OXA-48 , bla CTX-M-15 , and bla TEM genes. Our findings indicate that cockroaches may be one of the most dangerous reservoirs for ESBL and carbapenemase producers in hospitals.T he emergence of multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (MDRE) and their dissemination in hospitals have become a major health concern worldwide (1). The production of ␤-lactamases such as extended-spectrum ␤-lactamase (ESBL) and carbapenemase remains the main mechanism of resistance in Enterobacteriaceae (2). Algeria is now feaures among the Mediterranean countries known to be affected by the spread of CTX-M-15 type ESBL and the emergence of the phantom menace OXA-48 type carbapenemase (3, 4). Indeed, the transmission and dissemination of MDRE in hospitals are usually related to hand contact (5) and poorly sterilized instruments (6). However, cockroaches which colonize these environments may also act as potential mechanical vectors of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (7). Cockroaches are among the most prevalent pests in hospitals, where they are attracted by moisture, food, and suitable temperatures (8, 9). The medical significance of cockroaches has been largely overlooked, but it has been proven that they can harbor a number of pathogenic microorganisms with different levels of antibiotic resistance (10). Blattella germanica is the most abundant cockroach species (11), and the external surfaces and excrement of these cockroaches can contaminate food, human habitats, and hospital equipment; therefore, these insects can present a threat to human health (12).The aim of our study was to screen for broad-spectrum-cephalosporin-and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in B. germanica cockroaches collected from the burn unit of Batna University Hospital in Algeria and then to investigate the molecular support of ESBL and carbapenemase production.In March 2015, 10 cockroaches were randomly captured from different parts of the burn unit, including the kitchen and the guard, treatment, and patient rooms, directly in sterile containers. Samples were immobilized by freezing at 0°C for 10 min (8). Each cockroach was soaked in 5 ml of Tween 80 solution at 0.05% and vortexed vigorously for 2 min. The resulting wash was used as an external-body-homogenate sample. To remove the external body contamination, cockroaches were immersed in bleach for 2 min, in sterile physiological saline for 2 min, and then in 70% ethanol for 5 min (12). Then, each sample was washed with sterile physiological saline. Subsequently, the insect was soaked in a sterile bottle containing 5 ml of Tween 80 solution at 0.05% and then crushed inside using a sterile pestle. The triturate was then vortexed vigorously for 2 min. The resulting s...

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supporting

confidence: 55%

First Report of German Cockroaches (Blattella germanica) as Reservoirs of CTX-M-15 Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase- and OXA-48 Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae in Batna University Hospital, Algeria

Loucif

Gacemi-Kirane

Cherak

et al. 2016

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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“…Multidrug-resistant bacterial strains of medical importance have also been isolated from cockroaches in different hospitals and urban environments. 18,36,37 Bacterial species richness statistically varied between hospitals, which provide information on their sanitation conditions and thus food dispersal and availability for insects, which have a direct impact on insect population density. It is known that sanitation-improved sites carry less pathogens and synanthropic organisms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial load of German cockroach (Blattella germanica) found in hospital environment

Menasria

Moussa

El-Hamza

et al. 2014

Pathogens and Global Health

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Background: Cockroaches are among the most common pests in public dwellings and health facilities. Their presence can raise safety concerns, especially as they maybe carriers of pathogenic organisms. Methods: This study was carried out to isolate and identify the bacterial flora from German cockroaches (Blattella germanica). Cockroaches collected by hand catches from two public hospital environments in Tebessa city (northeast Algeria) were screened for microbial load from their external surfaces and alimentary tract using standard bacterial protocols. Results: A total of 174 bacterial isolates were isolated from 39 German cockroach specimens. The most common and abundant bacterial species belonged to the Pseudomonas group (23.5%) and Serratia (13.2%). Pathogens like Staphylococcus aureus were also isolated, as well as opportunistic pathogens like Klebsiella species and food spoilage bacteria such as Enterobacter and Citrobacter species were isolated from both external surface and digestive tract of the insect. Generalized linear models (GLM) were performed to analyze the variation of abundances and occurrences of bacterial isolates harboured by B. germanica. The GLMs revealed that the main factors affecting variation of bacterial diversity and abundance were sex and hospital (P , 0.001). Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that German cockroach acts as reservoir and potential vector of some bacterial pathogens.

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“…The German cockroach, Blattella germanica , usually resides in human habitats and carries various parasites, viruses, and bacteria. Their body parts or secretions can cause severe allergic reactions in humans . The extensive application of chemical insecticides in human residences has created high resistance in cockroaches, which increases the urgency of the search for effective and environmentally friendly insecticides to control them.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The interactions between gut microbiota and entomopathogenic fungi: a potential approach for biological control of Blattella germanica (L.)

Zhang

Sun

Zhang

et al. 2017

Pest Management Science

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Blatella germanica as a possible cockroach vector of micro-organisms in a hospital

Cited by 23 publications

References 2 publications

First Report of German Cockroaches (Blattella germanica) as Reservoirs of CTX-M-15 Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase- and OXA-48 Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae in Batna University Hospital, Algeria

First Report of German Cockroaches (Blattella germanica) as Reservoirs of CTX-M-15 Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase- and OXA-48 Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae in Batna University Hospital, Algeria

Bacterial load of German cockroach (Blattella germanica) found in hospital environment

The interactions between gut microbiota and entomopathogenic fungi: a potential approach for biological control of Blattella germanica (L.)

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