BLESeis: Low-Cost IoT Sensor for Smart Earthquake Detection and Notification

Abstract

The Internet of Things (IoT) has been implemented to provide solutions for certain event detection because of ease of installation, computing and communication capability, and cost-effectiveness. Seismic event detection, however, is still a challenge due to a lack of high-fidelity sensing and classification efficiency. This study proposes BLESeis, an IoT sensor for smart earthquake detection. BLESeis comprises three main parts: (1) high-fidelity vibration sensing using a MEMS accelerometer and digital filtering; (2) an embedded earthquake detection algorithm; (3) BLE (Bluetooth low energy) beacon for earthquake notification. For high-fidelity vibration sensing, a triggering algorithm and embedded finite impulse response (FIR) low-pass filter are developed. The acquired vibration is then classified by the earthquake detection algorithm developed to identify the earthquake signal from other vibration sources using time and frequency domain analysis. Upon detection of an earthquake, the BLE beacon broadcasts using the proposed data packet for efficient notification and visualization. The performance of the proposed system is evaluated through numerical simulations and a set of experiments using shaking table tests. The experiments show the feasibility of the low-cost earthquake detection and notification system.

Earthquake early warning systems based on low-cost ground motion sensors: A systematic literature review

“…Even though both types of algorithms detect the earthquake characteristics using the P-waves, point source algorithms typically saturate for earthquake ~M > 6. The main causes of saturation are two: 1) it is difficult to distinguish earthquakes with a magnitude greater than six from those that occur in the first few seconds of the P-wave window, and 2) the lateral extent of the fault rupture is necessary for large earthquakes to determine the earthquake's magnitude (Won et al, 2020). On the other hand, finite fault algorithms tend to estimate the earthquake's magnitude without any saturation limitation by determining the fault rupture's finite extent.…”

Modul Deteksi dan Perekaman Data Gempa berbasis Database Earthquake Intensity (DEI)

“…Teknologi Internet of Things (IoT) telah diimplementasikan untuk memberikan solusi terkait deteksi kejadian tertentu karena kemudahan instalasi, kemampuan komputasi dan komunikasi, serta efektivitas biaya. Namun deteksi kejadian seismik seperti gempa masih menjadi tantangan karena kurangnya penginderaan dengan ketepatan tinggi dan efisiensi (Won, 2020). Sebuah aplikasi yang mengukur gempa bumi menggunakan sensor akselerasi MEMS sedang dikembangkan di terminal informasi smartphone yang menerima, menyimpan, dan menampilkan catatan seismik di server cloud (Naito, 2013).…”

Validity and Reliability of an Instrumented Treadmill with an Accelerometry System for Assessment of Spatio-Temporal Parameters and Impact Transmission

“…Accelerometers are today a proven and low-cost technology used for displacement estimation [ 32 ] in a wide range of applications, such as electrohydraulic systems [ 33 ], architecture, civil engineering [ 34 , 35 ], seismology [ 36 ], or even astronomy [ 37 ]. In all these applications, the accelerometers are rigidly attached to the element whose displacement is to be monitored, and with an analysis of the accelerometry signals, the motion and other parameters of interest can be estimated.…”