The peripheral blood picture (PBP) is a diagnostic procedure that involves smearing peripheral blood cells on a slide for cytology. No matter how elementary, PBP is incredibly useful in characterizing a variety of clinical disorders. This article emphasizes the essential scientific and aesthetic foundation of the PBP. However, this work goes into detail on its clinical traits, laboratory uses, and interpretations of various clinical pathologies. The PBP remained a valuable diagnostic test in hematology despite the developments of digital PBP and genetic methods. The hematologist should ensure a high-quality smear, a comprehensive examination, and proper interpretation in respect of the patient's clinical condition. The examiner's expertise and training level have a significant impact on the reliability of the results.