Blockchain Based Decentralized Management of Demand Response Programs in Smart Energy Grids

Abstract

In this paper, we investigate the use of decentralized blockchain mechanisms for delivering transparent, secure, reliable, and timely energy flexibility, under the form of adaptation of energy demand profiles of Distributed Energy Prosumers, to all the stakeholders involved in the flexibility markets (Distribution System Operators primarily, retailers, aggregators, etc.). In our approach, a blockchain based distributed ledger stores in a tamper proof manner the energy prosumption information collected from Internet of Things smart metering devices, while self-enforcing smart contracts programmatically define the expected energy flexibility at the level of each prosumer, the associated rewards or penalties, and the rules for balancing the energy demand with the energy production at grid level. Consensus based validation will be used for demand response programs validation and to activate the appropriate financial settlement for the flexibility providers. The approach was validated using a prototype implemented in an Ethereum platform using energy consumption and production traces of several buildings from literature data sets. The results show that our blockchain based distributed demand side management can be used for matching energy demand and production at smart grid level, the demand response signal being followed with high accuracy, while the amount of energy flexibility needed for convergence is reduced.

Blockchain for Cities—A Systematic Literature Review

“…This is likely due to its status as the first established blockchain platform supporting full fledged smart contracts. It's use cases span almost all sectors we looked at, including voting [71], taxation [74], and collaborative urban decisionmaking [5], [78] in government sector; research paper authoring collaboration [90], digital media rights protection [102] and lottery system [102] in education, culture, science and innovation sector; clinical trial process improvement [105], medical data sharing [110], [114], supply chain of drug [121] and food [124] in well-being, health and safety sector; collaborative business process [133], [134], product provenance [137], automated sales systems [139], and sharing economies [147], [148] in the economy sector; sustainable transportation [172] in the transportation sector; energy efficiency and peer-to-peer energy market [178]- [180], [183], [184], [187], [195], and electronic vehicle charging [204] in the energy sector; and building operation management access control [214] in the built environment sector. It should be noted that while Ethereum is a permissionless blockchain, most of the research prototypes are run on the test net or a separate private Ethereum network due to their early stage nature.…”

Blockchain Enhanced Emission Trading Framework in Fashion Apparel Manufacturing Industry

“…[8,22]). In addition, some of the deficiencies of blockchain trading such as information leakage has been studied [23].…”

“…Parallel to the newer solutions of power transmission considering environmental benefits (e.g., [24]), the blockchain in the field of energy is now reaching multiple markets over the world, with an aim to create a decentralized autonomous energy (DAE) community [22]. For example, decentralized solutions using blockchain peer-to-peer systems for managing demand response programs were proposed to improve current energy grid operations (e.g., [25,26]).…”

Local Energy Management and Optimization: A Novel Energy Universal Service Bus System Based on Energy Internet Technologies

“…Based on the E-net technologies, more and more investigations now have been focused on new and intelligent energy management, including smart buildings and smart city energy management [45,46], autonomous demand response and DSM [47,48], smart home energy management [49,50], and energy management of large-scale massive distributed power supply, renewable energy sources and equipment, etc. Among these investigations, aiming at energy management of smart buildings, Beccali et al [45] introduced a new multi-objective demand control of smart buildings, in which a three-phase multi-objective autonomous/automated intelligent load control strategy is designed, which can deal with design of a real-time and versatile yet simple control and management strategy for provision of adaptive and intelligent demand response for buildings.…”

“…This energy box is a low-cost laboratory prototype, which is suitable for cloud-based architectures for autonomous demand response of prosumers and prosumages. In addition, Pop et al [48] have investigated the use of decentralized blockchain mechanisms for delivering transparent, secure, reliable, and timely energy flexibility to all the stakeholders involved in the flexibility markets such as distributed system operators primarily, retailers and aggregators. On home energy management, Martinzez et al [49] presented a smart multiconverter system for residential/housing sector with a Hybrid Energy Storage System (HESS), based on the smart community concept in energy resource hubs.…”