Blockchain for V2X: A Taxonomy of Design Use Cases and System Requirements

Meijers, James; Au, Edward; Cai, Yuxi; Jacobsen, Hans‐Arno; Shashank, Motepalli,; Sun, Robert; Veneris, Andreas; Zhang, Gengrui; Zhang, Shiquan

doi:10.1109/brains52497.2021.9569796

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Another important issue faced is performance. Current networks are not able to fully support even a subset of the proposed blockchain-enabled V2X applications, and much more innovation is needed to create optimized architectures for the V2X space [7]. Additional issues are discussed in Section V.…”

Section: Blockchain-enabled V2xmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These applications differ in terms of what features of blockchain technology they utilize, and to what extent they rely on those features. A categorization of applications based on these and other factors can be found in [7]. In the remainder of this section, we describe the important services blockchains can provide to V2X applications, and we analyze how a variety of previously proposed applications of blockchain utilize these services.…”

Section: V2x Blockchain Use Casesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using smart contracts, the rules for database updates can be defined by users through software programs, allowing them to design complex applications that utilize the shared database. It is clear that there are many potential applications of blockchain technology in the V2X space [7]. These include mechanisms to improve the security and reliability of V2X communications as well as a large number of applications requiring fast and efficient payments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In doing so, we determine what aspects of these systems need to be improved in order to support the distinct requirements of V2X systems and make blockchain for V2X a reality. We build on previous work [7] by specifying what features of blockchains are most utilized by V2X applications, allowing us to better justify the use of blockchains for these applications. Additionally, we delve into numerous blockchain architectures, both those that target the transportation sector and those that do not, in order to better determine what shortcomings future research into blockchain architectures for V2X should attempt to overcome.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Blockchain for V2X: Applications and Architectures

Meijers

Michalopoulos

Shashank

et al. 2022

IEEE Open J. Veh. Technol.

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Modern vehicles rely on data from a vast array of sensors such as radar and GPS equipment that can be shared with surrounding vehicles and other interested parties. Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) is the collection of systems that enable such communication. Although this data sharing has the potential to improve both the safety and efficiency of vehicles, ensuring that what is shared has not been altered, deleted, forged, leaked, or otherwise tampered with remains a challenging problem. Today, blockchain technology allows a system's participants to come to an agreement (consensus) on the state of the system and its data in a decentralized, trustless manner. This new technology may be capable of securing V2X data, as well as enabling other useful V2X services such as payments. However, the V2X ecosystem poses several unique challenges that complicate the application of blockchain technology, not least of which is the vast number of communications that any proposed blockchain network will need to support. This paper gives an overview of V2X and blockchain technology, explores potential applications of blockchain within the V2X domain, and justifies its importance. It also reviews, analyzes, and discusses various blockchain architectures that could support V2X applications. Though there is a place for blockchain in the V2X environment, currently there is no robust or mature blockchain architecture available that could support the entire ecosystem's needs. As such, this paper proposes novel directions for future research towards the creation of such a blockchain.

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Section: Blockchain-enabled V2xmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: V2x Blockchain Use Casesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Blockchain for V2X: Applications and Architectures

Meijers

Michalopoulos

Shashank

et al. 2022

IEEE Open J. Veh. Technol.

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“…Article [49] provides an overview of V2X blockchain architecture applications and examines them in order to define the needs of a V2X blockchain. The study investigates possible blockchain applications in the V2X space, identifying and assessing use cases based on their underlying blockchain needs.…”

Section: S Blockchain For V2x: a Taxonomy Of Design Use Cases And Sys...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A comprehensive survey on the application of blockchain/hash chain technologies in V2X communications

Farran¹,

Khoury²,

Bokor³

2022

Infocommunications journal

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The Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) technology and protocols are the main cornerstones for advanced transportation and autonomous vehicle applications. V2X has several subsets, including Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) and Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) communication contexts. The main benefit of applying V2X technologies is increased safety by facilitating predicted warnings supporting automated driving and traffic applications. Wirelessly transmitted messages are the information sources; therefore, security is critical in V2X systems. The V2X exchanged messages are sent wirelessly and must fulfill the security requirements, such as integrity, authenticity, and privacy support. The messaging between vehicles and networks must be trusted. Lately, promising and proliferating blockchain/hash chain technologies have been introduced in V2X communications and cope with the cooperative vehicular applications security and related efficiency aspects. This paper provides a comprehensive survey about the V2X use-cases based blockchain/hash chain and introduces the available solutions and methods in this domain.

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Blockchain‐based internet of vehicles (BIoV): A systematic review of surveys and reviews

Hemmati

Zarei

Souri

2023

Security and Privacy

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The Internet of vehicles (IoV) has appeared as an effective method of obtaining an intelligent transportation system able to deliver various innovative solutions and enable several applications as a replacement for vehicular ad‐hoc networks (VANETs). To help IoV contexts, enormous quantities of information are created and transmitted between various communication components wirelessly across multiple channels, which may entice attackers and put the network at risk. Security is one of the vital concerns and critical issues in VANETs and IoV networks. Blockchain is employed to create a distributed and secure IoV to overcome some centralized concerns and enhance the network architecture. This article presents a systematic and detailed review by selecting 28 review articles from 2018 to 2022 on blockchain‐based IoV (BIoV). We investigate the latest review and survey articles regarding their aspects, contributions, findings, limitations, and strong points to address unsolved problems of BIoV. In this article, the review/survey articles are systematically reviewed to resolve taxonomy aspects intended for BIoV. We provide a new taxonomy and discuss security concerns, open issues, and future directions so that researchers in this field can quickly and easily access recent content and do not need to read numerous review articles.

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Blockchain for V2X: A Taxonomy of Design Use Cases and System Requirements

Cited by 9 publications

References 36 publications

Blockchain for V2X: Applications and Architectures

Blockchain for V2X: Applications and Architectures

A comprehensive survey on the application of blockchain/hash chain technologies in V2X communications

Blockchain‐based internet of vehicles (BIoV): A systematic review of surveys and reviews

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