Blockchain Technology Applied to Energy Demand Response Service Tracking and Data Sharing

Abstract

Demand response (DR) services have the potential to enable large penetration of renewable energy by adjusting load consumption, thus providing balancing support to the grid. The success of such load flexibility provided by industry, communities, or prosumers and its integration in electricity markets, will depend on a redesign and adaptation of the current interactions between participants. New challenges are, however, bound to appear with the large scale contribution of smaller assets to flexibility, including, among others, the dispatch coordination, the validation of delivery of the DR provision, and the corresponding settlement of contracts, while assuring secured data access among interested parties. In this study we applied distributed ledger (DLT)/blockchain technology to securely track DR provision, focusing on the validation aspect, assuring data integrity, origin, fast registry, and sharing within a permissioned system, between all relevant parties (including transmission system operators (TSOs), aggregators, distribution system operators (DSOs), balance responsible parties (BRP), and prosumers). We propose a framework for DR registry and implemented it as a proof of concept on Hyperledger Fabric, using real assets in a laboratory environment, in order to study its feasibility and performance. The lab set up includes a 450 kW energy storage system, scheduled to provide DR services, upon a system operator request and the corresponding validations and verifications are done, followed by the publication on a blockchain. Results show the end to end execution time remained below 1 s, when below 32 requests/sec. The smart contract memory utilization did not surpass 1% for both active and passive nodes and the peer CPU utilization, remained below 5% in all cases simulated (3, 10, and 28 nodes). Smart Contract CPU utilization remained stable, below 1% in all cases. The performance of the implementation showed scalable results, which enables real world adoption of DLT in supporting the development of flexibility markets, with the advantages of blockchain technology.

Cooperative Detection Method for DDoS Attacks Based on Blockchain

“…Nguyen et al [21] deployed blockchain technology to create a safe and reliable data exchange platform between multiple data providers, in which IoT data is encrypted and recorded in a distributed ledger. Lucas et al [22] proposed a DR registration framework and implemented it as a proof of concept on Hyperledger Fabric, using real assets in a laboratory environment to study its feasibility and performance. Sun et al [23] proposed a new model of social network public opinion dissemination based on blockchain technology.…”

Blockchain-Based Optimization of Distributed Energy Management Systems with Real-Time Demand Response

“…To realize the peak shift by DR, the total demand/consumption in one day is frequently focused (see, e.g., [7], [21]). In the proposed method, the peak shift may be realized by changing ( 13), (14) in consideration of the energy price. Further discussion is future work.…”

“…For EMSs, several results have been obtained (see, e.g., [13], [22], [23]). For also DR, several results have been obtained (see, e.g., [14], [24]). However, to the best of our knowledge, applications of a blockchain to a distributed EMS with DR have not been studied.…”

Evolution Process and Supply Chain Adaptation of Smart Contracts in Blockchain

“…A Permissioned Blockchain implementation is used to ensure that only known agents are permitted to access the system [19]. e authors in [20] propose a framework for demand response registry and implemented it as a proof of concept on Hyperledger Fabric, using real assets in a laboratory environment, in order to study its feasibility and performance. Permissioned Blockchain has the following features: (1) Only certified members are allowed to participate.…”