Blockchain Tree Powered Green Communication for Efficient and Sustainable Connected Autonomous Vehicles

Riyal, Ansh; Kumar, Geetansh; Sharma, Deepak Kumar; Gupta, Koyel Datta; Srivastava, Gautam

doi:10.1109/tgcn.2022.3166104

Cited by 13 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Faced with this problem, researchers have been trying to develop a more advanced and energy-efficient blockchain technology from the aspects of the ledger structure, performance evaluation framework, consensus algorithm, and so on. Ansh Riyal et al [15] designed a hierarchical ledger structure called a blockchain tree, which can effectively save energy. Kai Qian et al [16] provided a performance-testing framework for the IoT-oriented blockchain, which can optimize energy consumption in a targeted manner.…”

Section: Research Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, each node is involved in storing all of the data, which will not only need a lot of storage resources, but also cause energy consumption in the storage process. In [15], the authors improved the blockchain storage structure and proposed a Blockchain Tree with hierarchical nodes. Then, they deleted the data stored on underlying nodes periodically to save storage resources and energy.…”

Section: Green Blockchain Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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LECast: A Low-Energy-Consumption Broadcast Protocol for UAV Blockchain Networks

Luo

Liu

et al. 2023

Drones

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With the continuous development of communication technology, drones are playing an important role in many fields, such as power transmission line inspection and agricultural pesticide spraying. In order to protect the data privacy and communication security of drones, many experts are considering blockchain as its enabling technology. However, due to their small size and limited power storage, drones cannot support energy-intensive blockchain applications. In addition, the future 6G communications need to implement an important key performance indicator, namely extremely low-power communications (ELPCs). As a consequence, research into green blockchain is becoming more and more popular. The broadcast of the blockchain is one of the most energy-intensive parts because it entails flooding and there are a lot of unnecessary communication processes. Therefore, in order to make blockchain more suitable for ELPC requirements in 6G communications and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) networks, we took the blockchain broadcast as an improvement candidate and designed LECast, a low-energy-consumption protocol. LECast first analyzes the energy consumption model of the communication between two drones and constructs the shortest-path broadcast tree (SPB Tree) for the UAV networks to minimize energy consumption. Meanwhile, to make the sending drone address the receiving drone in a more convenient way, we proposed an extended Huffman coding (EHC) scheme to name the drones. Furthermore, the other issues with the broadcast tree are reliability and security. When a channel fails, subsequent drones cannot smoothly receive the transaction or block data. As a result, we introduced multichannel transmission with splitting data (MTSD); that is, the transaction or block data are divided into segments and transmitted in parallel multiple times over multiple channels. Finally, through the analysis and simulation of LECast in terms of energy consumption, latency, throughput, reliability, security, and coverage rate, the advantages of LECast were confirmed, which could meet the requirements of ELPCs and be well applied to UAV networks.

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Section: Research Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Green Blockchain Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

LECast: A Low-Energy-Consumption Broadcast Protocol for UAV Blockchain Networks

Luo

Liu

et al. 2023

Drones

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A systematic review on the interconnectedness of eco‐innovations and digital transformation

Dionisio,

Paula

2024

Environmental Quality Mgmt

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The growing use of technologies allows enterprises to introduce green processes to reduce the impact of the production on the environment, and to obtain competitive advantage. Green production differs from the conventional production in its emphasis on environmental guidelines, which reduce costs, increase profitability, and make the organizations more competitive. There is very limited normative literature on the relationship between digital transformation and green innovation, therefore this study proposes to answer how digital transformation and environmental innovations are interconnected, and which technologies and green processes are important for achieving a higher level of sustainability. We conducted a systematic review where we combine a bibliometric study to analyze the interconnectedness of environmental innovations and digital transformation and a content analysis with focus on the technologies and processes that promote higher levels of sustainability. We expect that our findings support scholars and practitioners to explore empirical evidence of this relationship.

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