Blood Cells Attachment after Root Conditioning and PRP Application: An in vitro Study

Abstract

Aim: Root conditioning is aimed at smear layer removal and at dental matrix collagen exposure, which may promote periodontal regeneration. This in vitro study assessed smear layer removal, collagen fiber exposure and the influence of PRP (platelet-rich plasma) application on adhesion of blood cells to the root surface using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Materials and methods:Scaled root samples (n = 160) were set in five groups and conditioned with: group I -control group (saline solution); group II (EDTA 24%); group III (citric acid 25%); group IV (tetracycline hydrochloride 50 mg/ml); group V (sodium citrate 30%). Eighty samples were assessed using the root surface modification index (RSMI). The other eighty samples were set in two groups. The first group (n = 40) received PRP gel application with a soft brush and the second group (n = 40) received PRP application and then a blood drop. The fibrin clot formation was assessed in the first group and the blood cells adhesion was assessed in the second group using the BEAI (blood elements adhesion index). A previously trained, calibrated, and blind examiner evaluated photomicrographs. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis's and Dunn's tests.Results: Group III attained the best results for RSMI and BEAI. Moreover, it was the only group showing fibrin clot formation. Conclusion:Citric acid was the most efficient conditioner for smear layer removal, collagen fiber exposure and blood cell adhesion. Moreover, it was the only group showing fibrin clot formation after PRP application.Clinical significance: This study demonstrated that root conditioning followed by PRP application may favor blood cell adhesion on root surface which may optimize periodontal healing.

Scanning electron microscopy study to evaluate and compare fibrin clot adhesion over the root surface treated with tetracycline, doxycycline and minocycline

“…The dried specimens were mounted on the stubs of a scanning electron microscope and coated with gold and palladium in a sputter coating machine (Bal-Tec SCD 050; Bal-Tec, Los Angeles, USA). The samples were again stored in a desiccator jar at room temperature for 3 days, 9 and then examined under the SEM for the presence of a clot. The collected samples were analyzed using the HITACHI S-3700N SEM (Hitachi High-Tech, Hitachinaka, Japan) with a working distance (WD) of 13.3-16.4 mm, 15.0 kV, and magnification of ×2,000 and ×5,000.…”

Microscopic in‐situ analysis of the mucosal healing around implants treated by protease activated receptor 4‐agonist peptide or perpendicularly protruded type I collagen in rats

“…17 The idea behind PAR4-AP coating stemmed from the observation that the epithelium-to-tooth attachment via basal lamina begins with the activated platelet aggregation on a cleaned root surface after periodontal treatment. 18,19 Previous in vitro studies revealed that basal lamina-mediated epithelial cell attachment was successfully achieved via platelet aggregation, 16,20 and bacterial colonization was effectively suppressed at the interface between the PAR4-AP-coated titanium surface and epithelium. 21 It was also found that perpendicular alignment of the collagen fibers (pCol) to the titanium surface could be achieved by means of electrophoretic fusion (EPF).…”