Blood glucose influences memory and attention in young adults

Benton, David; Owens, Deborah; Parker, Pearl Y.

doi:10.1016/0028-3932(94)90147-3

Cited by 214 publications

(182 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…These observations have also been used to support the view that beneficial effects of glucose administration are due to direct effects on brain functioning (e.g. Benton & Owens, 1993;Benton etal. 1994; see also Benton & Sargent, 1992).…”

Section: Effects Of Glucose Drinksmentioning

confidence: 66%

Nutrition and mental performance

Rogers¹,

Lloyd²

1994

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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Section: Effects Of Glucose Drinksmentioning

confidence: 66%

Nutrition and mental performance

Rogers¹,

Lloyd²

1994

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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“…This has been demon-strated to be so for glucose (Benton et al 1994;Parker & Benton 1995;Kennedy & Scholey 2000;Scholey et al 2001) and oxygen (Moss et al 1998). Owing to its pivotal role in energy homeostasis, creatine may similarly boost brain performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral creatine monohydrate supplementation improves brain performance: a double–blind, placebo–controlled, cross–over trial

Rae

Digney

McEwan

et al. 2003

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B

209

153

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Creatine supplementation is in widespread use to enhance sports-fitness performance, and has been trialled successfully in the treatment of neurological, neuromuscular and atherosclerotic disease. Creatine plays a pivotal role in brain energy homeostasis, being a temporal and spatial buffer for cytosolic and mitochondrial pools of the cellular energy currency, adenosine triphosphate and its regulator, adenosine diphosphate. In this work, we tested the hypothesis that oral creatine supplementation (5 g d 2 1 for six weeks) would enhance intelligence test scores and working memory performance in 45 young adult, vegetarian subjects in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over design. Creatine supplementation had a significant positive effect ( p , 0.0001) on both working memory (backward digit span) and intelligence (Raven's Advanced Progressive Matrices), both tasks that require speed of processing. These findings underline a dynamic and significant role of brain energy capacity in influencing brain performance.

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“…Depressive conditions may blur the performance level of a brain-damaged patient to a considerable degree (Allman, 1991;Stark stein et al, 1990). Furthermore, hormone and neurotransmitter levels as well as nutritional habits certainly influence outcome after brain damage as they are already of considerable importance in subjects without brain damage (Benton et al, 1994;Buchanan et al, 1992).…”

Section: Lesion Locus and Extentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Commonalities and Discrepancies in the Relationships between Behavioural Outcome and the Results of Neuroimaging in Brain-Damaged Patients

Markowitsch

Calabrese

1996

Behavioural Neurology

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Variables which are of influence in establishing clear predictions of neuropsychological alterations from neuroradiological data (and vice versa) are documented and discussed. It is concluded that personality factors and the kind and locus of brain lesions are the most crucial determinants. The locus of the brain damage may have cumulative effects either when it is situated in a strategic place (usually within the white matter, affecting interneuronal communication) or when various types of lesions appear superimposed (combination of focal and diffuse lesions). Consequently, the consideration of the patient's personality background and of as many neuropsychological facts as possible may considerably increase the validity of outcome predictions. When static or dynamic neuroimaging fails to show abnormalities in spite of obvious psychological alterations, an intensive neuropsychological documentation may even replace neuroradiology. Keywords: Brain damage -Magnetic resonance imaging -Computer tomography -Neuropsychological assessment INTRODUCTIONThe availability of cranial computer tomography (CT) has revolutionized the diagnostic power for patients with brain damage, and the subsequent appearance of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET) and functional magnetic resonance imaging has further increased and refined the power of relating brain tissue changes to behavioural alterations. Nevertheless, there are numerous case reports in which neuroimaging and neuropsychological data indicate a different prognosis, thereby leading to an improper rehabilitation treatment of the patient.Part of the discrepancy may be explained by the false assumption of linear relationships between lesion size and behavioural outcome (e.g. Irle, 1987Irle, , 1990Grafman et al., 1986), but other parts are most likely due to insensitive measurement on the imaging or the psychological level. Alesch et al. (1991), for instance, found that CT is quite insensitive to the identification of lymphomas although gliomas are readily detected. Similarly, although subdural empyemas and most sterile effusions and chronic subdural haematomas appear similar in CT scans, they are (~ 1996 Rapid Science Publishers much more readily distinguishable on the basis of signal intensity differences in MRI (Takamura et al., 1995);and Kertesz et al. (1987) concluded from their analyses that MRI surpasses CT scanning in the early detection of cerebral infarcts. CT on the other hand should be the method of choice to rule out intracerebral bleeding when a patient is screened initially. For detecting anatomical correlates of abnormal behavioural functioning, such as in psychogenic amnesia, conventional static imaging techniques have been useless up to now, although dynamic methods, such as PET imaging, may reveal cerebral blood flow changes indicative of abnormal processing (Amsterdam and Mozley, 1992;Markus et al., 1992).Congruence and incongruence of neuropsychology and neuroradiology are the topics of this commentary. We will first illustr...

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Blood glucose influences memory and attention in young adults

Cited by 214 publications

References 30 publications

Nutrition and mental performance

Nutrition and mental performance

Oral creatine monohydrate supplementation improves brain performance: a double–blind, placebo–controlled, cross–over trial

Commonalities and Discrepancies in the Relationships between Behavioural Outcome and the Results of Neuroimaging in Brain-Damaged Patients

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