Body Building and Aminotransferase Elevations: A Review

Kim, Jaimy Villavicencio; Wu, George Y.

doi:10.14218/jcth.2020.00005

Cited by 19 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Of those from bodybuilding supplements, 14 patients provided their supplements for chemical analysis; AAS were found in supplements provided by nine of these patients, but no AAS were identified in supplements from the other five patients [ 144 ]. A number of other dietary supplements have been linked to liver injury [ 145 – 148 ]. Thus, it seems clear that at least some dietary supplements can influence the long-term health of bodybuilders, but this is dependent upon dosage, contaminants, and interactions with other pharmacologically active substances.…”

Section: Potential Other Health Risks For Bodybuildersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Premature Death in Bodybuilders: What Do We Know?

2023

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Premature deaths in bodybuilders regularly make headlines and are cited as evidence that bodybuilding is a dangerous activity. A wealth of research has revealed elite athletes typically enjoy lower mortality rates than non-athletes, but research on bodybuilder lifespan is surprisingly limited. Anabolic androgenic steroid (AAS) use is commonly cited as a key contributor to morbidity and premature mortality in bodybuilders, but this area of research is highly nuanced and influenced by numerous confounders unique to bodybuilding. It is quite possible that bodybuilders are at elevated risk and that AAS use is the primary reason for this, but there remains much unknown in this realm. As global participation in bodybuilding increases, and healthcare providers play a more active role in monitoring bodybuilder health, there is a need to identify how numerous factors associated with bodybuilding ultimately influence short- and long-term health and mortality rate. In this Current Opinion, we discuss what is currently known about the bodybuilder lifespan, identify the nuances of the literature regarding bodybuilder health and AAS use, and provide recommendations for future research on this topic.

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Section: Potential Other Health Risks For Bodybuildersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Premature Death in Bodybuilders: What Do We Know?

2023

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“…In agreement with protein breakdown, strenuous exercise also raises inflammation and oxidative stress, which can be observed in different muscle damage biomarkers [ 44 , 45 ]. AST is a liver and musculoskeletal enzyme which reacts 24 h after demanding exercise [ 24 , 45 , 46 ]. In this regard, HD exhibited lower levels of AST than PLA after 24 h. This finding may be linked to the lower mechanical stress suffered during the HD conditions since HD obtained higher velocities and lower VL values.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of different phenylcapsaicin doses on resistance training performance, muscle damage, protein breakdown, metabolic response, ratings of perceived exertion, and recovery: a randomized, triple-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover trial

Jiménez-Martínez

Cornejo-Daza

Sánchez-Valdepeñas

et al. 2023

Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition

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Background The aim of this study was to explore the effects of a low dose (LD) of 0.625 mg and a high dose (HD) of 2.5 mg of phenylcapsaicin (PC) on full squat (SQ) performance, active muscle (RPE-AM) and overall body (RPE-OB) ratings of perceived exertion, muscle damage, protein breakdown, metabolic response, and 24-h recovery in comparison to placebo (PLA). Method Twenty-five resistance-trained males (age = 21.00 ± 2.15 years, SQ 1-repetition maximum [1RM] normalized = 1.66 ± 0.22 kg) were enrolled in this randomized, triple-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover trial. Participants completed 2 weekly sessions per condition (LD, HD, and PLA). The first session consisted of pre-blood testing of lactate, urea, and aspartate aminotransferases (AST) and 2 SQ repetitions with 60% 1RM followed by the resistance exercise protocol, which consisted of SQ sets of 3 × 8 × 70% 1RM monitoring lifting velocity. RPE-OB and RPE-AM were assessed after each set. After the first session, 2 SQ repetitions with 60% 1RM were performed, and blood lactate and urea posttests were collected. After 24 h, AST posttest and 1 × 2 × 60% 1RM were determined as biochemical and mechanical fatigue outcomes. Results HD reported significant differences for RPE-AM, AST, and SQ performance compared to LD and PLA. Post-hoc analyses revealed that HD attained faster velocities in SQ than LD ( p = 0.008). HD induced a lower RPE-AM when compared with LD ( p = 0.02) and PLA ( p = 0.004). PLA resulted in higher AST concentrations at 24-h post than HD ( p = 0.02). No significant differences were observed for the rest of the comparisons. Conclusions This study suggests that PC may favorably influence SQ performance, RPE-AM, and muscle damage compared to PLA. However, HD exhibited most of the biochemical and mechanical anti-fatigue effects instead of LD.

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“…Almost 70% of the examined athletes participated in minor or moderate exercise, regardless of their phenotype (anabolism or catabolism), whereas the other 30% retained a high intensity of physical activity. We assumed that anabolism under the conditions of moderate physical activity reflects the delayed normalization of indicators after an intense period of exercise, which exceeds 11 days under conditions of overwork [ 25 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracking Health, Performance and Recovery in Athletes Using Machine Learning

Petrovsky

Pustovoyt

Nikolsky

et al. 2022

Sports

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Training and competitive periods can temporarily impair the performance of an athlete. This disruption can be short- or long-term, lasting up to several days. We analyzed the health indicators of 3661 athletes during an in-depth medical examination. At the time of inclusion in the study, the athletes were healthy. Instrumental examinations (fluorography, ultrasound examination of the abdominal cavity and pelvic organs, echocardiography, electrocardiography, and stress testing “to failure”), laboratory examinations (general urinalysis and biochemical and general clinical blood analysis), and examinations by specialists (ophthalmologist, otolaryngologist, surgeon, cardiologist, neurologist, dentist, gynecologist (women), endocrinologist, and therapist) were performed. This study analyzed the significance of determining the indicators involved in the implementation of the “catabolism” and “anabolism” phenotypes using the random forest and multinomial logistic regression machine learning methods. The use of decision forest and multinomial regression models made it possible to identify the most significant indicators of blood and urine biochemistry for the analysis of phenotypes as a characterization of the effectiveness of recovery processes in the post-competitive period in athletes. We found that the parameters of muscle metabolism, such as aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and alanine aminotransferase levels, and the parameters of the ornithine cycle, such as creatinine, urea acid, and urea levels, made the most significant contribution to the classification of two types of metabolism: catabolism and anabolism.

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Body Building and Aminotransferase Elevations: A Review

Cited by 19 publications

References 41 publications

Premature Death in Bodybuilders: What Do We Know?

Premature Death in Bodybuilders: What Do We Know?

Effects of different phenylcapsaicin doses on resistance training performance, muscle damage, protein breakdown, metabolic response, ratings of perceived exertion, and recovery: a randomized, triple-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover trial

Tracking Health, Performance and Recovery in Athletes Using Machine Learning

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