Body size in children with chronic kidney disease after gastrostomy tube feeding

Sienna, Julianna; Saqan, Rola; Teh, Jun Chuan; Frieling, Michelle L.; Secker, Donna; Cornelius, Vivian; Geary, Denis F.

doi:10.1007/s00467-010-1586-y

Cited by 36 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…However, there is no evidence that children will grow better if their intake exceeds recommended amounts for healthy children. Gastrostomy tube feeding leads to improvement in weight and BMI‐for‐age z scores but not height‐for‐age z scores in children with advanced CKD , , .…”

Section: Therapeutic Strategies For Prevention And/or Treatment Of Camentioning

confidence: 99%

Wasting in chronic kidney disease

Mak

İkizler

Kövesdy

et al. 2011

J cachexia sarcopenia muscle

242

235

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Wasting/cachexia is prevalent among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). It is to be distinguished from malnutrition, which is defined as the consequence of insufficient food intake or an improper diet. Malnutrition is characterized by hunger, which is an adaptive response, whereas anorexia is prevalent in patients with wasting/cachexia. Energy expenditure decreases as a protective mechanism in malnutrition whereas it remains inappropriately high in cachexia/wasting. In malnutrition, fat mass is preferentially lost and lean body mass and muscle mass is preserved. In cachexia/wasting, muscle is wasted and fat is relatively underutilized. Restoring adequate food intake or altering the composition of the diet reverses malnutrition. Nutrition supplementation does not totally reverse cachexia/wasting. The diagnostic criteria of cachexia/protein–energy wasting in CKD are considered. The association of wasting surrogates, such as serum albumin and prealbumin, with mortality is strong making them robust outcome predictors. At the patient level, longevity has consistently been observed in patients with CKD who have more muscle and/or fat, who report better appetite and who eat more. Although inadequate nutritional intake may contribute to wasting or cachexia, recent evidence indicates that other factors, including systemic inflammation, perturbations of appetite-controlling hormones from reduced renal clearance, aberrant neuropeptide signaling, insulin and insulin-like growth factor resistance, and metabolic acidosis, may be important in the pathogenesis of CKD-associated wasting. A number of novel therapeutic approaches, such as ghrelin agonists and melanocortin receptor antagonists are currently at the experimental level and await confirmation by randomized controlled clinical trials in patients with CKD-associated cachexia/wasting syndrome.

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Section: Therapeutic Strategies For Prevention And/or Treatment Of Camentioning

confidence: 99%

Wasting in chronic kidney disease

Mak

İkizler

Kövesdy

et al. 2011

J cachexia sarcopenia muscle

242

235

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Children with CKD and protein‐energy wasting have increased risk of hospitalization . Malnutrition in CKD is not limited to undernutrition, as obesity is also seen in patients with CKD . In children with CKD on dialysis, decreased height, being underweight, and being overweight have all been associated with increased risk of mortality …”

Section: Chronic Kidney Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Malnutrition in Children With Chronic Disease

Larson‐Nath

Goday

2019

Nut in Clin Prac

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Malnutrition occurs when nutrient intake does not meet the needs for normal body functions and as a consequence leads to alterations of growth and development in children. Chronic illness puts children at risk for developing malnutrition. Because of children's rapid periods of growth and development, early diagnosis, prevention, and management of malnutrition are paramount. The reasons for malnutrition in children with chronic disease are multifactorial and are related to the underlying disease and nonillness-associated factors. This review addresses the causes, evaluation, and management of malnutrition in pediatric congenital heart disease, chronic kidney disease, liver disease, and cystic fibrosis. (Nutr Clin Pract. 2019;34:349-358)

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“…There is ample evidence to support the effectiveness of supplemental calories in promoting growth in children with CKD up to about 2 years of age [48]. However, calorie intake is generally appropriate for body size in older children with CKD, and there is no evidence that supplemental calories promote growth in the older age group [49]…”

Section: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Criteria Of Cachexia/pew Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cachexia and protein-energy wasting in children with chronic kidney disease

et al. 2011

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Children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at risk for “cachexia” or “protein-energy wasting” (PEW). These terms describe a pathophysiologic process resulting in the loss of muscle, with or without loss of fat, and involving maladaptive responses, including anorexia and elevated metabolic rate. PEW has been defined specifically in relation to CKD. We review the diagnostic criteria for cachexia and PEW in CKD and consider the limitations and applicability of these criteria to children with CKD. In addition, we present an overview of the manifestations and mechanisms of cachexia and PEW. A host of pathogenetic factors are considered, including systemic inflammation, endocrine perturbations, and abnormal neuropeptide signaling, as well as poor nutritional intake. Mortality risk, which is 100- to 200-fold higher in patients with end-stage renal disease than in the general population, is strongly correlated with the components of cachexia/PEW. Further research into the causes and consequences of wasting and growth retardation is needed in order to improve the survival and quality of life for children with CKD.

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Body size in children with chronic kidney disease after gastrostomy tube feeding

Cited by 36 publications

References 16 publications

Wasting in chronic kidney disease

Wasting in chronic kidney disease

Malnutrition in Children With Chronic Disease

Cachexia and protein-energy wasting in children with chronic kidney disease

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