Bone apposition to a titanium-zirconium alloy implant, as compared to two other titanium-containing implants

Abstract

Implants made of commercially pure titanium (cpTi) are widely and successfully used in dentistry. For certain indications, diameter-reduced Ti alloy implants with improved mechanical strength are highly desirable. The aim was to compare the osseointegration of titanium-zirconium (TiZr) and cpTi implants with a modifi ed sandblasted and acid-etched (SLActive) surface and with a Ti6Al4V alloy that was sand-blasted and acid-washed. Cylindrical implants with two, 0.75 mm deep, circumferential grooves were placed in the maxilla of miniature pigs and allowed to heal for 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks. Undecalcifi ed toluidine blue-stained ground sections were produced. Surface topography, area fraction of tissue components, and bone-to-implant contact (BIC) were determined. All materials showed signifi cantly different surface roughness parameters. The amount of new bone within the implant grooves increased over time, without signifi cant differences between materials. However, BIC values were signifi cantly related to the implant material and the healing period. For TiZr and cpTi implants, the BIC increased over time, reaching values of 59.38 % and 76.15 % after 2 weeks, and 74.50 % and 84.67 % after 8 weeks, respectively. In contrast, the BIC for Ti6Al4V implants peaked with 42.29 % after 2 weeks followed by a decline to 28.60 % at 8 weeks. Signifi cantly more surface was covered by multinucleated giant cells on Ti6Al4V implants after 4 and 8 weeks. In conclusion, TiZr and cpTi implants showed faster osseointegration than Ti6Al4V implants. Both chemistry and surface topography might have infl uenced the results. The use of diameter-reduced TiZr implants in more challenging clinical situations warrants further documentation in long-term clinical studies.

Zirconium, calcium, and strontium contents in magnesium based biodegradable alloys modulate the efficiency of implant-induced osseointegration

“…42 In a recent report using titanium based implants, it has been shown that in addition to the electronegativity of the implant surface, several other factors can also influence the osteoinduction process in vivo. 43 The advantages and limitations of individual alloying metals have also been described in our previous report, 28 where we had shown that alloying processes improved the mechanical strength of implant materials and made their properties similar to those of bone tissue. Based upon these criteria, we can conclude from our results that Mg-5Zr-Ca implant, which showed high compressive strength, was not suitable for osteointegration, whereas Mg-2Zr-5Sr and Mg-Zr-2Sr implants, tend to resemble natural bone in their properties due to decreased compressive strength.…”

“…In vivo evaluation becomes necessary to understand how the implant will perform in a physiological environment. Various physicochemical factors can play equally important roles in new bone induction, 43 therefore, no single property should be considered as the only criterion for selecting an implant material for orthopedic application. Our study highlights the importance of including Sr and excluding Ca in optimal combinations of Mg-Zr alloys to obtain good osteogenic outcome in rabbit bones.…”

Sandblasted and Acid-Etched Implant Surfaces With or Without High Surface Free Energy: Experimental and Clinical Background

“…Another study in miniature pigs also reported no differences for BIC values for TiZr implants with a modSLA surface after 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of unloaded healing compared to c.p. Ti implants with a mod-SLA surface, whereas the amount of bony ingrowth into the implants' groves was increased after 4 and 8 weeks for TiZr [ 109 ]. Slightly but not signifi cantly increased BIC values for TiZrmodSLA implants in comparison to c.p.…”

“…9.3 ). When investigating surface roughness parameters by performing quantitative surface analysis using confocal white-light microscopy ( Table 9.3 , [ 109 ]) and blue light laser and interferometer [ 107 ], signifi cant differences have been observed for the number of samples measured. However, the c.p.…”

Effects of Surface Structure and Chemical Composition of Binary Ti Alloys on Cell Differentiation

“…The cytotoxicity of V is reduced by alloying Ti with V [13]. Osteoblast cell adhesion is improved by alloying Ti with Zr [14][15][16], which is a nontoxic and nonallergic metal.…”