Bone changes in the mandible following botulinum neurotoxin injections

Tsai, Cheng-Yu; Shyr, Yi Ming; Chiu, Wan‐Chun; Lee, Chi-Ming

doi:10.1093/ejo/cjq029

Cited by 37 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…These findings suggest that unilateral BTX-A injection did not have systemic effects, but rather localized effects on mandibular development at the injected site. This result coincides with those of other studies where the overall growth of rabbits and rats was not altered by local injections of BTX-A into the masticatory muscles (Matic et al, 2007b;Tsai et al, 2011). Reduced masticatory function due to the toxin did not alter the systemic functions of the rats.…”

Section: Overall Body Weights and Amounts Of Pellets Consumedsupporting

confidence: 92%

Growth effects of botulinum toxin type A injected unilaterally into the masseter muscle of developing rats

Park

Kim

2015

J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B

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Abstract:Objective: To evaluate the effects of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) on mandible skeletal development by inducing muscle hypofunction. Methods: Four-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats (n=60) were divided into three groups: Group 1 animals served as controls and were injected with saline; Group 2 animals were injected unilaterally with BTX-A (the contralateral side was injected with saline); and Group 3 animals were injected bilaterally with BTX-A. In Group 2, the saline-injected side was designated the control side (Group 2-1), whereas the BTX-A-injected side was designated the experimental side (Group 2-2). After four weeks, the animals were sacrificed, dry skulls were prepared, and mandibles were measured. Results: In the unilateral group, the experimental side (Group 2-2) had reduced dimensions for all mandible measurements compared with the control side (Group 2-1), suggesting a local effect of BTX-A on mandible growth, likely due to muscle reduction. Conclusions: Localized BTX-A injection induced a change in craniofacial growth, and the skeletal effect was unilateral despite both sides of the mandible functioning as one unit.

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Section: Overall Body Weights and Amounts Of Pellets Consumedsupporting

confidence: 92%

Growth effects of botulinum toxin type A injected unilaterally into the masseter muscle of developing rats

Park

Kim

2015

J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B

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“…When we measured mass at 4 weeks, it was about 20% less than control values (Table 1). This moderate reduction in muscle mass falls within the 6%-40% range calculated from studies on rat masseter [20, 21] and mouse hindlimb [25], and as in these other studies may reflect edema, fibrosis or fat deposition [4, 45]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Botulinum toxin in masticatory muscles: Short- and long-term effects on muscle, bone, and craniofacial function in adult rabbits

Rafferty¹,

Liu²,

Ye³

et al. 2012

Bone

104

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Paralysis of the masticatory muscles using botulinum toxin (BTX) is a common treatment for cosmetic reduction of the masseters as well as for conditions involving muscle spasm and pain. The effects of this treatment on mastication have not been evaluated, and claims that the treatment unloads the jaw joint and mandible have not been validated. If BTX treatment does decrease mandibular loading, osteopenia might ensue as an adverse result. Rabbits received a single dose of BTX or saline into one randomly chosen masseter muscle and were followed for 4 or 12 weeks. Masticatory muscle activity was assessed weekly, and incisor bite force elicited by stimulation of each masseter was measured periodically. At the endpoint, strain gages were installed on the neck of the mandibular condyle and on the molar area of the mandible for in vivo bone strain recording during mastication and muscle stimulation. After termination, muscles were weighed and mandibular segments were scanned with micro CT. BTX paralysis of one masseter did not alter chewing side or rate, in part because of compensation by the medial pterygoid muscle. Masseter-induced bite force was dramatically decreased. Analysis of bone strain data suggested that at 4 weeks, the mandibular condyle of the BTX-injected side was underloaded, as were both sides of the molar area. Bone quantity and quality were severely decreased specifically at these underloaded locations, especially the injection-side condylar head. At 12 weeks, most functional parameters were near their pre-injection levels, but the injected masseter still exhibited atrophy and percent bone area was still low in the condylar head. In conclusion, although the performance of mastication was only minimally harmed by BTX paralysis of the masseter, the resulting underloading was sufficient to cause notable and persistent bone loss, particularly at the temporomandibular joint.

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“…In experiments on growing rats, condyle bone mineral density was lower in the masseter muscle‐resected site . Skull and mandibular bone mineral density values at BTX injection sites showed significant decreases . Hemi‐mandible and zygoma bone volumes decreased in the masseter paralysis site .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Effects of masticatory muscle function affected by BTX on maxillofacial bone growth through the sutural modification

Tsai

Wang

Chang

2019

Orthod Craniofacial Res

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Structured Abstract Objectives To evaluate the effect of botulinum toxin type A (BTX)‐induced masticatory muscle hypofunction on the maxillofacial suture bone growth of growing rats. Setting and Sample Population Department of Orthodontics at Taipei Medical University. Forty‐eight male 4‐week‐old Wistar rats were divided into four groups. The N group received injections of normal saline into each of the masseter and temporalis muscles. The M group received injections of normal saline into each of the temporalis muscle and injections of BTX into each of the masseter muscle. The T group received injections of normal saline into each of the masseter muscle and injections of BTX into each of the temporalis muscle. The MT group received injections of BTX into each of the masseter and temporalis muscles. Material & Methods Rats were sacrificed after 42 days of growth. Changes in body and muscle weight were measured. Anthropometric measurements of the maxillary arch, sutural bone mineral density and sutural bone deposition distances were recorded. Statistical comparisons were performed using analysis of variance. Results No significant change in body weight was found across groups. However, significant decreases were observed in muscle weight, anthropometric measurements, sutural bone mineral density and bone apposition distance in the BTX‐injected group. Conclusions Reduced masticatory muscle function in growing rats can affect maxillofacial suture bone growth.

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Bone changes in the mandible following botulinum neurotoxin injections

Cited by 37 publications

References 23 publications

Growth effects of botulinum toxin type A injected unilaterally into the masseter muscle of developing rats

Growth effects of botulinum toxin type A injected unilaterally into the masseter muscle of developing rats

Botulinum toxin in masticatory muscles: Short- and long-term effects on muscle, bone, and craniofacial function in adult rabbits

Effects of masticatory muscle function affected by BTX on maxillofacial bone growth through the sutural modification

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