Bone Defect Replacement in Diabetic Neuropathic Osteoarthropathy (Charcot Foot): Review

Abstract

Relevance. The number of patients with diabetes mellitus is growing all over the world, including its severe complications, such as diabetic neuroosteoarthropathy. Restoration of support ability, creation of conditions for the healing of ulcers are a difficult task for traumatologists - orthopedists, especially in connection with the need to compensate for a defect in bone tissue.
 Aim. Analysis of methods for replacing volumetric bone defects in the distal segment of the lower limb in patients with diabetic neuroosteoarthropathy (Charcot foot).
 Materials and methods. The literature search was carried out in the databases of medical publications PubMed, CyberLeninka, Google Scholar, Scopus, Medline, eLIBRARY among articles in English and Russian. The search was performed on the following terms: Charcot foot, diabetic arthropathy, bone grafting, bone graft, calcaneotibial arthrodesis. No time limit for publication, given the small number of published works and narrow specifics.
 Results. The possibilities of replacing bone defects in Charcot's foot are rather scarce in the world literature. The narrow specificity and relative rarity of the pathology is the likely reason for the small number of publications, the lack of studies with a high level of evidence.
 Conclusions. Most authors agree with the statement that bone autoplasty and Ilizarov segment lengthening are the gold standard for bone defect replacement in case of lower extremity bone defects, including in patients with Charcot foot.