Bone Formation Under the Influence of Bone Morphogenetic Protein/Self-Setting Apatite Cement Composite as a Delivery System

Study on the self‐setting property and the in vitro bioactivity of β‐Ca2SiO4

“…However, this is a process of osteoconduction and bone migration along a highly biocompatible surface, 1,3,7,8 but is not a bioactive surface colonized by osteogenic stem cells free in the bone defect environment (i.e., osteoproduction). 9,10 Recently, considerable efforts have been undertaken to incorporate rhBMP-2 11,12 and other growth factors 13,14 in calcium phosphate biocements to enhance their osteoproduction and promote the fast formation of bone-remodeling units. This approach, however, ignores the adverse effect that is associated with the immunological response due to genetic differences.…”

Methodological Consideration of Various Intraosseous and Heterotopic Bone Grafts Implantation in Animal Models

“…Recent development in tissue regeneration provided biomaterials for slow release of proteins over a period of time, thus giving cells continuous stimuli to differentiate into desired cells [60,65,66,68,70,73,75,76,78,92,[98][99][100]109,[116][117][118][119][120][121]. The level of gene expression in the surrounding tissue to regenerate bone can be enhanced by delivery of plasmid DNA using hydrogel microspheres, more than plasmid DNA solution.…”

“…The level of gene expression in the surrounding tissue to regenerate bone can be enhanced by delivery of plasmid DNA using hydrogel microspheres, more than plasmid DNA solution. BMP 2 -incorporated gelatin/ β-TCP scaffolds lead to significantly increased osteogenesis compared to the chem- ical induced osteogenesis in specimens [60,65,66,68,70,75,76,78,92,[98][99][100]109,[116][117][118][119][120][121]. In previous studies, various groups showed a continuous release of BMP2 in vitro and in vivo [65,66,68,70,73,75,76,92,[98][99][100]109,[119][120][121].…”

“…Although CT resolution has improved over time, three-dimensional evaluation of new bone formation requires different high-resolution methods. Recently ultra-high resolution volumetric CT scanning (VCT) has been shown to correctly analyse bone formation in tissue engineered constructs over the course of six weeks [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32]60,65,66,68,70,71,73,75,76,92,[98][99][100]109,[116][117][118][119][120][121]. A different approach to estimate the formation of new bone in small animals is the use of micro-CT scanners.…”

“…A different approach to estimate the formation of new bone in small animals is the use of micro-CT scanners. However, a clinical application of these micro-CT scanners is very limited [22][23][24][25][26][27]65,66,68,70,71,73,75,109,116,117,119,120]. But bone formation has to be concordant with radiographic imaging, as it was shown previously [71].…”