Bone fracture monitoring using implanted antennas in the radius, tibia and phalange heterogeneous bone phantoms

Symeonidis, Symeon; Whittow, William G.; Panagamuwa, Chinthana; Zecca, Massimiliano

doi:10.1088/2057-1976/aab974

Cited by 23 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…We have used this system to report the temporal in vivo load‐sharing of a fixation plate in a large animal model and conclusively shown that these data can be used to predict the fracture's healing cascade . For fractures treated with external fixation, it has been proposed to utilize the implanted pins themselves as antennas to monitor fracture healing . Whereas this approach detects changes in the electromagnetic properties of the tissue in the fracture space throughout healing, our group's approach uses external antennas to detect changes in the mechanical stability of the fracture.…”

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confidence: 99%

Direct electromagnetic coupling for non‐invasive measurements of stability in simulated fracture healing

Labus

Sutherland

Notaroš

et al. 2019

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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Diagnostic monitoring and prediction of bone fracture healing is critical for the detection of delayed union or non‐union and provides the requisite information as to whether therapeutic intervention or timely revision are warranted. A promising approach to monitor fracture healing is to measure the mechanical load‐sharing between the healing callus and the implanted hardware used for internal fixation. The objectives of this study were to evaluate a non‐invasive measurement system in which an antenna electromagnetically couples with the implanted hardware to sense deflections of the hardware due to an applied load and to investigate the efficacy of the system to detect changes in mechanical load‐sharing in an ex vivo fracture healing model. The measurement system was applied to ovine metatarsal bones treated with osteotomies, resulting in four different levels of bone stability which simulated various degrees of fracture healing. Computational finite element simulations supplemented these ex vivo experiments to compare the osteotomy model of fracture healing to a more clinically applicable callus stiffening model of healing. In the ex vivo experiments, the electromagnetic coupling system detected significant differences between the four simulated degrees of healing with good repeatability. Computational simulations indicated that the experimental model of fracture healing provided a good surrogate for studying healing during the early time period as the callus stiffness is increasing as well as when diagnostic monitoring of the healing process is most critical. Based upon the data reported herein, the direct electromagnetic coupling method holds strong potential for clinical assessments and predictions of fracture healing. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res

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confidence: 99%

Direct electromagnetic coupling for non‐invasive measurements of stability in simulated fracture healing

Labus

Sutherland

Notaroš

et al. 2019

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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“…A dual monopole antenna was proposed in [ 20 ] for monitoring the fracture of the bone, which was simulated with a voxel model of a 26-year-old female on CST Microwave Studio virtual version as shown in Figure 15 . The restoration process of fractured bone was monitored by a monopole antenna placed on both sides of the fracture and determined the bone condition by transmitting power from one monopole to another monopole.…”

Section: Summary Of the Existing Implant Antenna Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“… Electric field distribution at 2.5 GHz: during 0% bone damage period ( a ), fractured bone period ( b ) [ 20 ]. …”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“… Implant antenna immersed in the artificial tissue environment, ( a ) [ 90 ] and three-layer phantom material ( b ) [ 20 ]. …”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The selected frequency band must avoid electromagnetic interference with the existing terrestrial frequency bands [ 17 , 18 , 19 ]. Furthermore, the verification and fabrication of such miniature implant antennas inside the human organ are incredibly challenging due to the limited accredited animal laboratories, along with health safety issues [ 10 , 20 , 21 ]. This work aims to summarize the recent works published about implant antenna design, implant antenna design factors, diverse fabrication technology, and future research challenges.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review on Medical Implantable Antenna Technology and Imminent Research Challenges

Soliman

Chowdhury

Khandakar

et al. 2021

Sensors

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Implantable antennas are mandatory to transfer data from implants to the external world wirelessly. Smart implants can be used to monitor and diagnose the medical conditions of the patient. The dispersion of the dielectric constant of the tissues and variability of organ structures of the human body absorb most of the antenna radiation. Consequently, implanting an antenna inside the human body is a very challenging task. The design of the antenna is required to fulfill several conditions, such as miniaturization of the antenna dimension, biocompatibility, the satisfaction of the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR), and efficient radiation characteristics. The asymmetric hostile human body environment makes implant antenna technology even more challenging. This paper aims to summarize the recent implantable antenna technologies for medical applications and highlight the major research challenges. Also, it highlights the required technology and the frequency band, and the factors that can affect the radio frequency propagation through human body tissue. It includes a demonstration of a parametric literature investigation of the implantable antennas developed. Furthermore, fabrication and implantation methods of the antenna inside the human body are summarized elaborately. This extensive summary of the medical implantable antenna technology will help in understanding the prospects and challenges of this technology.

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Theoretical and experimental sensing of bone healing by microwave approach

Akdoğan

Özkaner

Alkurt

et al. 2022

Int J Imaging Syst Tech

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A medical imaging system is often required to monitor bone growth or bone healing in patients. X-ray imaging method is one of the most used imaging systems but it affects human health due to the ionizing effect of X-rays on matter. In this paper, authors investigated the healing period of a bone structure by using electromagnetic antennas. Two different design approaches were examined which are the monopole antenna approach and the horn antenna approach with the frequency bands of 4-10 and 3-18 GHz, respectively.According to simulation results of the first scenario, radius change of a circular bone from 1 to 8 mm causes a transmission reduction from À13.5 dB to À20 dB at 7 GHz. In the second scenario, the thickness of the bone changed from 0.05 to 20 mm and the corresponding transmission value is reduced from À5 to À25 dB at 10 GHz of constant frequency. All these two approaches showed that the bone variation with time changes the transmission characteristics of detector antennas at the operating frequencies. In the last step of this study, an experimental measurement is carried out by using two opposite horn antennas and a planar bone structure in microwave laboratory. The measured results are in a good agreement with the simulated results in the second scenario. This study gives an opportunity to determine bone healing periods in medical applications by microwave techniques.

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Bone fracture monitoring using implanted antennas in the radius, tibia and phalange heterogeneous bone phantoms

Abstract: Bone fracture monitoring using implanted antennas in the radius tibia and phalange heterogeneous bone phantoms. Biomedical Physics & Engineering Express, 4, 045006.

Cited by 23 publications

References 39 publications

Direct electromagnetic coupling for non‐invasive measurements of stability in simulated fracture healing

Direct electromagnetic coupling for non‐invasive measurements of stability in simulated fracture healing

Review on Medical Implantable Antenna Technology and Imminent Research Challenges

Theoretical and experimental sensing of bone healing by microwave approach

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