Bone Graft Substitutes: Classifications and Orthopedic Applications

Abjornson, Celeste; Yoon, Byung-Jo Victor; Lane, Joseph M.

doi:10.1520/mono62013003202

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…Synthetic B-type carbonated apatites (CAps) are commonly used as model compounds for investigating chemical properties of bone mineral, and have been the subject of extensive research due to their importance in a variety of biomedical applications such as grafts and scaffolds for reconstructing or regenerating bone defects, osteoconductive implant coatings, and vehicles for drug delivery [12, 13]. Several research groups have synthesized bone-like apatites under near-physiological conditions [14, 15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crystallinity and compositional changes in carbonated apatites: Evidence from 31P solid-state NMR, Raman, and AFM analysis

McElderry

Zhu

Mroué

et al. 2013

Journal of Solid State Chemistry

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Solid-state (magic-angle spinning) NMR spectroscopy is a useful tool for obtaining structural information on bone organic and mineral components and synthetic model minerals at the atomic-level. Raman and 31P NMR spectral parameters were investigated in a series of synthetic B-type carbonated apatites (CAps). Inverse 31P NMR linewidth and inverse Raman PO43− ν1 bandwidth were both correlated with powder XRD c-axis crystallinity over the 0.3–10.3 wt% CO32− range investigated. Comparison with bone powder crystallinities showed agreement with values predicted by NMR and Raman calibration curves. Carbonate content was divided into two domains by the 31P NMR chemical shift frequency and the Raman phosphate ν1 band position. These parameters remain stable except for an abrupt transition at 6.5 wt% carbonate, a composition which corresponds to an average of one carbonate per unit cell. This near-binary distribution of spectroscopic properties was also found in AFM-measured particle sizes and Ca/P molar ratios by elemental analysis. We propose that this transition differentiates between two charge-balancing ion-loss mechanisms as measured by Ca/P ratios. These results define a criterion for spectroscopic characterization of B-type carbonate substitution in apatitic minerals.

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