Bone marrow aspiration

Abstract

Bone marrow aspiration biopsies are carried out principally to permit cytological assessment but also for immunophenotypic, cytogenetic, molecular genetic, and other specialised investigations. Often, a trephine biopsy is carried out as part of the same procedure. Bone marrow aspirations should be carried out by trained individuals who are aware of the indications, contraindications, and hazards of the procedure. They should follow a standard operating procedure. The operator should have made an adequate assessment of clinical and haematological features to ensure both that appropriate indications exist and that all relevant tests are performed. For the patient's comfort and safety, the posterior iliac crest is generally the preferred site of aspiration. Films of aspirated marrow and, when appropriate, films of crushed particles should be made and labelled. Once thoroughly dry, films should be fixed and stained. As a minimum, a Romanowsky stain and a Perls' stain are required. A cover slip should be applied. The bone marrow films should be assessed and reported in a systematic manner so that nothing of importance is overlooked, using a low power, then intermediate, then high power objective. A differential count should be performed. An interpretation of the findings, in the light of the clinical and haematological features, should be given. The report should be signed or computer authorised, using a secure password, and issued in a timely manner.

Normalization of bone marrow aspirates for hemodilution in flow cytometric analyses

“…There is an additional technical problem in obtaining reproducible myeloblast counts from bone marrow aspirates as these specimens contain a variable amount of blood mixed with the immature cells resident in the marrow (2). Depending on the technique used to obtain the aspirate and the total amount of specimen, the immature cells are contaminated with mature cells from the blood (3)(4)(5).…”

Point-Of-Care Stem Cell Therapy (POCST): Multisite transplantation of autologous bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells in 85 patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis improves survival

“…Under sedoanalgesia, a total of 2 ml/kg body weight of autologous BM were harvested from the posterior superior iliac crest with the regular procedure of BM aspiration [58]. The actual extraction varied from 50 to 230 milliliters based on individual characteristics (hematocrit, BM available, general status, etc.).…”

Bone Marrow Aspiration in North Sudan : The Procedure , Indications and the Diagnostic Value

“…Write your report and suggest further investigations if needed. (3) Complications of BMA Are uncommon and include local pain, bleeding and infection in addition to complications of local anesthesia. (4) Contra-indications of BMA These are relative and not absolute contraindications for BMA: the very ill/terminal patient, infection at site of aspirate (select another site).…”

“…More sophisticated and ancillary techniques in which bone marrow aspiration is used include flow cytometry, genetic and chromosomal studies. (3) The procedure of bone marrow aspiration is cost-effective, technically simple for the experienced and is associated with minimal hazards when precautions are considered. (3) We aimed by this work to describe our experience in Atbara, north Sudan with special emphasis on indications and findings of bone marrow examination.…”

“…(1,2) Hematological indications for this procedure include diagnosis, staging and follow-up of anemia, pancytopenia, lymphoproliferative disorders, lymphomas and many other conditions (Table 1). (3) Nonhematological disorders include pyrexia of unknown origin, granulomatous diseases, metastatic tumors and some inborn errors of metabolism. More sophisticated and ancillary techniques in which bone marrow aspiration is used include flow cytometry, genetic and chromosomal studies.…”