Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell co-adjuvant therapy with albendazole for managing Toxocara vitulorum-rat model

Abstract

Background and Aim: Toxocara vitulorum is a bovine intestinal nematode. Immune pictures following infection are conflicting and stopping anthelmintic albendazole treatment recording reversed liver abnormalities. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the therapeutic potential of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) therapy, subsequent to albendazole administration in rats infected with T. vitulorum. Materials and Methods: The ultrasonographic and histopathological examinations as well as serum liver enzymes activity and the kinetics of recovery were investigated. The correlation of cell-mediated and humoral immune pictures was assessed by assaying immunoglobulins, splenocytes viability, phagocytic index, and Th1/Th2 cytokines. Results: The cultured BMMSCs counting were 4.21×104 cells/cm2 with 96.03% viability. Flow-cytometric analysis indicated positive CD90 (82%), CD105 (79%) and negative CD34 (0.37%), CD45 (0.42%), attesting to the suitability of the isolated BMMSCs for use in therapy. Transplantation of BMMSCs after albendazole administration significantly reduced the release of liver enzymes (p<0.05) indicating liver cellularity improvement. The ultrasonographic, macroscopic, and histopathological findings confirmed the biochemical results. Significant elevation in the levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interferon (INF)-γ with a decline in interleukin (IL)-4 was observed in the untreated model (p<0.05). However, albendazole treatment followed by BMMSCs therapy significantly lowered the release of TNF-α and INF-γ, associated with significant production of IL-4 and IL-10 (p<0.05). Conclusion: The final results indicated that the liver functions, histopathological findings, and immune parameters were aggravated after experimental T. vitulorum infection. Albendazole treatment followed by BMMSCs therapy was found to assist in regeneration of injured hepatic tissue. Besides, it appeared to modulate host defensive immune responses against T. vitulorum antigens. This work could define more clearly the events that manipulate the host immune, histopathological, and biochemical responses to minimize obstacles in using stem cell therapy in animal toxocariosis.

Application of Silver Nanoparticles in Parasite Treatment

“…The eggs hatch into larvae in the small intestine [ 91 ], which then migrate to various tissues, such as the liver, lungs, muscle tissue, and brain, causing damage to these tissues and organs [ 92 ]. Symptoms of infection include anorexia, weight loss, and, in severe cases, death, essentially resulting in poor milk and meat quality in cattle, as well as reduced skin quality [ 93 ]. Several studies have shown that Toxoplasma gondii has developed the ability to control host immune responses and that it can manipulate the host to reduce the amount of parasite suppressor antigens and thus avoid recognition and clearance by the host [ 94 ].…”

Supplementation with the Methanolic Extract of Lycium shawii or Rhanterium epapposum Enhances Immune Responses of Broilers

“…The glucose consumption test is one of multiple assays that can be utilized to measure lymphocytes proliferation in-vitro. In this assay, leukocytes were stimulated with phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), a wellknown mitogen that selectively activates T cells through crosslinking their T-cell receptors (TCRs) (Movafagh et al, 2011;Abo-Aziza et al, 2021). The data showed significant enhancements in lymphocyte proliferation in extract-recipient chickens as well as SRBC-challenged chickens.…”

An Update on Applications of Cattle Mesenchymal Stromal Cells

“…Bovine MCSs have been isolated and characterised ( Figure 1 ) from different adult and foetal tissues, including bone marrow (BM) [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 ], endometrium (EN) [ 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 ], adipose tissue (AT) [ 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 34 , 37 , 49 , 50 , 51 ,…”