Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells enhance bone formation in orthodontically expanded maxillae in rats

Abstract

Objective: To transplant bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into the interpremaxillary suture after rapid maxillary expansion with the aim of increasing new bone formation in the suture. Materials and Methods: Nineteen male Wistar rats were divided into two groups (control, n 5 9; experimental, n 5 10). Both groups were subjected to expansion for 5 days, and 50 cN of force was applied to the maxillary incisors with a helical spring. Pkh67+ (green fluorescent dye)-labeled MSCs were applied to the interpremaxillary suture after force application into the interpremaxillary suture of rats. Bone formation in the sutural area was histomorphometrically evaluated, including the amount of new bone formation (mm 2 ), number of osteoblasts, number of osteoclasts, and number of vessels. Mann-Whitney U-test was used for statistical evaluation at the P , .05 level. Results: After 10 days of retention, Pkh67+ can be detected in suture mostly in the injection site under fluorescence microscope. Histomorphometric analysis revealed that a single local injection of MSCs into the midpalatal suture increased the new bone formation in the suture by increasing the number of osteoblasts and new vessel formation, compared with controls injected with phosphate-buffered saline. Conclusions: This preclinical study might provide foundations for the underlying potential clinical use of MSCs after maxillary expansion. Given the fact that MSCs are currently in use in clinical trials, this approach might be a feasible treatment strategy to accelerate new bone tissue formation in midpalatal suture and to shorten the treatment period for patients undergoing maxillary expansion reinforcement (Angle Orthod. 2015;85:394-399.)

Osteogenic potential of gingival stromal progenitor cells cultured in platelet rich fibrin is predicted by core-binding factor subunit-α1/Sox9 expression ratio (in vitro)

“…CBF-α1 and Sox9 expression was read using a light microscope (CX22 Binocular, Olympus) at 200x magnification. Every cell expressing CBF1-α or Sox9 in one field was examined three times by three experts (WR, EH and FAR) and the mean was then calculated 27 , 30 , 31 .…”

Reducing posttreatment relapse in cleft lip palatal expansion using an injectable estrogen–nanodiamond hydrogel

“…Absence of bone in the cleft site makes new bone generation particularly difficult for these patients, resulting in high relapse rates, repeated surgeries, and prolonged orthodontic treatment. As enhancing bone formation in the midpalatal suture is known to be critical for preventing relapse, researchers have made numerous efforts to stimulate osteoblastic activity (44)(45)(46)(47)(48)(49). However, no additional therapeutic modality is currently used in conjunction with palatal expanders due to the clinical infeasibility and safety concerns of previously proposed adjuvant agents.…”

Applications of stem cells in orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics: Current trends and future perspectives

“…Because of the ability of SCs to differentiate into osteogenic cells, injection of SCs seems to have the ability to accelerate the process of bone formation. This was studies in one study by Ekizer et al[ 95 ]. In their animal study, local injection of MSCs into intermaxillary suture after force application resulted in increased new bone formation in the suture by increasing the number of osteoblasts and new vessel formation[ 95 ].…”

“…This was studies in one study by Ekizer et al[ 95 ]. In their animal study, local injection of MSCs into intermaxillary suture after force application resulted in increased new bone formation in the suture by increasing the number of osteoblasts and new vessel formation[ 95 ]. Thus, locally applied MCSs to the expanded maxilla might be a useful and practical treatment strategy to accelerate new bone formation in midpalatal suture and to shorten the treatment and retention period for patients undergoing orthopedic maxillary expansion.…”