Bone microstructure and bone mineral density are not systemically different in Antarctic icefishes and related Antarctic notothenioids

Ashique, Amir M.; Atake, Oghenevwogaga J.; Ovens, Katie; Guo, Ruiyi; Pratt, Isaac; Detrich, H. William; Cooper, David M.; Desvignes, Thomas; Postlethwait, John H.; Eames, B. Frank

doi:10.1111/joa.13537

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…It has been assumed that bone mineral density, meaning the volumetric density of hydroxyapatite, is reduced in the bones of «cryonotothenioids», especially in channichthyids. However, bone mineral density, as inferred from various techniques (Meunier, 2002;Meunier et al, 2018;Ashique et al, 2022) [99,108,109], is similar to that in other teleosts. They are not osteopenic.…”

Section: Morphologymentioning

confidence: 64%

The Axes of Divergence for the Evolutionary Radiation of Notothenioid Fishes in Antarctica

Eastman

2024

Diversity

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Notothenioid fishes, a perciform group, radiated in the cold shelf waters around the Antarctic continent and the 110 species dominate fish diversity, abundance, and biomass at levels of ≈77%, 92%, and 91%, respectively. This occurred in a locality with frequent glaciomarine cycles that fragmented and obliterated habitats, disrupted ecosystems, and made parts of the high latitude shelves periodically uninhabitable. The notothenioid radiation encompasses three stages and 10 axes: for the habitat stage, divergence in (1) depth and (2) biotope, meaning subdivisions within the pelagic and benthic realms; for the morphology stage, divergence in (3) body size, (4) body density based on proportions of skeletal and adipose tissues, (5) body shape, (6) trophic morphology, specifically head morphology related to feeding (jaws, teeth, head size, and pharyngeal gape), and (7) neuromorphology (brain and sensory systems); and for the communication stage, divergence in (8) fecundity and egg size, (9) sexual dichromatism and dimorphism in body and fins, and (10) parental care behavior associated with nesting. There was an antecedent Eocene fossil fauna that did not include notothenioids and that has minimal taxonomic representation in the modern fauna. Liparids (snailfishes) and zoarcids (eelpouts) also diversified in Antarctic waters but with minimal divergence. Hypotheses are offered as to why these radiations played out the way they did and why notothenioids are dominant.

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Section: Morphologymentioning

confidence: 64%

The Axes of Divergence for the Evolutionary Radiation of Notothenioid Fishes in Antarctica

Eastman

2024

Diversity

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“…Tissue sections were stained as described with Safranin O (Ferguson et al, 1998), picrosirius red (Junqueira et al, 1978), or Milligan’s Trichrome (Ashique et al, 2022). Alcian blue/Alizarin red staining was done using a modified acid-free protocol (Eames et al, 2011).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extant cartilaginous fishes share trabecular and areolar mineralization patterns, but not tesserae, and evidence for a paedomorphic chimaera skeleton

Atake,

Berio,

Debiais-Thibaud

et al. 2024

Preprint

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A comprehensive study is lacking that clearly defines and directly compares the diverse mineralized endoskeletal tissues exhibited by extant chondrichthyans (elasmobranchs, such as sharks and skates, and holocephalans, such as chimaeras). Tiles of mineralized polygonal structures called tesserae occur at cartilage surfaces in chondrichthyans, but recent studies showing trabecular structures suggest that tesserae are not as common as previously thought. A specific region of tesserae termed cap zone and continuous (not tiled) mineralized elasmobranch neural arches demonstrate bone-like tissues. Areolar mineralized tissue in elasmobranchs is generally considered a unique chondrichthyan feature. Despite these reports, it remains unclear what mineralized endoskeletal features define extant chondrichthyans. To address this question, adult skeletal tissues in two elasmobranchs (little skate and small-spotted catshark) and a chimaera (spotted ratfish) were characterized using synchrotron radiation and desktop micro-CT imaging, and histological and immunofluorescent assays. Data from these extant chondrichthyan representatives suggested that trabecular and areolar mineralization, but not tesserae and bone-like tissues, are shared features of the extant chondrichthyan endoskeleton. Interestingly, three separate analyses argued that the chimaera endoskeleton retains ancestral embryonic features (i.e., paedomorphic). This study further proposes general terminology for character states of the extant chondrichthyan endoskeleton and infers those states in ancestral chondrichthyans.

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“…Safranin O/Fast Green staining was performed on 10 μm thick frozen sections of the HH36 chick humeri and ceratobranchial, as described previously (Ferguson et al, 1998). Trichrome staining was performed on 10 μm thick frozen sections of the HH36 chick mandible, as described elsewhere (Ashique et al, 2022).…”

Section: Histologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Limb Mesoderm and Head Ectomesenchyme Both Express a Core Transcriptional Program During Chondrocyte Differentiation

Gómez-Picos

Ovens

Eames

2022

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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To explain how cartilage appeared in different parts of the vertebrate body at discrete times during evolution, we hypothesize that different embryonic populations co-opted expression of a core gene regulatory network (GRN) driving chondrocyte differentiation. To test this hypothesis, laser-capture microdissection coupled with RNA-seq was used to reveal chondrocyte transcriptomes in the developing chick humerus and ceratobranchial, which are mesoderm- and neural crest-derived, respectively. During endochondral ossification, two general types of chondrocytes differentiate. Immature chondrocytes (IMM) represent the early stages of cartilage differentiation, while mature chondrocytes (MAT) undergo additional stages of differentiation, including hypertrophy and stimulating matrix mineralization and degradation. Venn diagram analyses generally revealed a high degree of conservation between chondrocyte transcriptomes of the limb and head, including SOX9, COL2A1, and ACAN expression. Typical maturation genes, such as COL10A1, IBSP, and SPP1, were upregulated in MAT compared to IMM in both limb and head chondrocytes. Gene co-expression network (GCN) analyses of limb and head chondrocyte transcriptomes estimated the core GRN governing cartilage differentiation. Two discrete portions of the GCN contained genes that were differentially expressed in limb or head chondrocytes, but these genes were enriched for biological processes related to limb/forelimb morphogenesis or neural crest-dependent processes, respectively, perhaps simply reflecting the embryonic origin of the cells. A core GRN driving cartilage differentiation in limb and head was revealed that included typical chondrocyte differentiation and maturation markers, as well as putative novel “chondrocyte” genes. Conservation of a core transcriptional program during chondrocyte differentiation in both the limb and head suggest that the same core GRN was co-opted when cartilage appeared in different regions of the skeleton during vertebrate evolution.

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Bone microstructure and bone mineral density are not systemically different in Antarctic icefishes and related Antarctic notothenioids

Abstract: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creat ive Commo ns Attri butio n-NonCo mmerc ial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

Cited by 8 publications

References 39 publications

The Axes of Divergence for the Evolutionary Radiation of Notothenioid Fishes in Antarctica

The Axes of Divergence for the Evolutionary Radiation of Notothenioid Fishes in Antarctica

Extant cartilaginous fishes share trabecular and areolar mineralization patterns, but not tesserae, and evidence for a paedomorphic chimaera skeleton

Limb Mesoderm and Head Ectomesenchyme Both Express a Core Transcriptional Program During Chondrocyte Differentiation

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