Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 Delivered by Hyaluronan-Based Hydrogel Induces Massive Bone Formation and Healing of Cranial Defects in Minipigs

Abstract

The injectable hydrogel may be favorable as a BMP-2 carrier for bone reconstruction.

Calcium phosphates compounds in conjunction with hydrogel as carrier for BMP-2: A study on ectopic bone formation in rats

“…Injection of 0.2 ml of the hydrogel into an ectopic rat model produces no immune response when the gel is injected alone and produces specific and local bone formation when administrated with 30 lg of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) [19]. Similar results have been reported in a critical size defect in mini pigs, with no immune response and complete resorption of the hydrogel when administered alone, and massive bone formation with complete healing of the defect on administration of the hydrogel containing 1.25 mg of BMP-2 [20]. Due to mechanical and electrostatic forces the hydrogel is able to retain and deliver additives such as growth factors and osteoconductive ceramic particles, e.g.…”

“…Hydroxyapatite (HAP), which resembles natural bone mineral, has been added at 25 wt.% to provide suitable hydrogel mechanical properties. Although the results are not conclusive, there is an indication that HAP has a positive influence on bone formation [19,20].…”

Juvenile Swine Surgical Alveolar Cleft Model to Test Novel Autologous Stem Cell Therapies

“…37,[41][42][43] Anatomic similarities between swine and humans in body size, maxillary bone anatomy, TMJ function 23 ; bone remodeling, regeneration, and cortical bone mineralization, and critical-sized bone defects, 44 also suggest that swine craniofacial models that mimic human conditions are also appropriate. Several swine models exist for use in craniofacial conditions including mandibular reconstruction, 33 post traumatic conditions, 36 cranial defects, 35 and nasal and Because weight significantly varied for 5-week-old piglets, a normalized defect size was established. Normalization was weight based, and created based on the knowledge that the 2 cm defect in a pig weighing 10.8 kg did not heal.…”

Critical assessment of rhBMP-2 mediated bone induction: An in vitro and in vivo evaluation

“…We have recently reported injectable hydrazone crosslinked HA hydrogel as an efficient rhBMP-2 delivery vehicle that can promote bone regeneration at ectopic [11] and orthotopic sites [12,13] without adding any cells to the scaffold. HA is a natural extracellular matrix (ECM) glycosaminoglycan that is known to have diverse biological function which include proliferation and differentiation of stem cell, wound healing etc.…”