Bone substitutes as carriers for transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)

Abstract

We studied the suitability of three different hydroxyapatite materials (Endobone, Bio-Oss and Algipore) as carriers for the bone growth promoting factor TGF-beta(1). The hydroxyapatite materials either were incubated for 24 h or directly loaded with hrTGF-beta(1) (Diagnostic Products Corporation, DPC) at a concentration of 10 ng hrTGF-beta(1)/mg. For the release experiment the hydroxyapatite materials covered with hrTGF-beta(1) were either suspended in pure phosphate buffered saline (PBS) or human serum albumin (HSA). The concentration of hrTGF-beta(1) was measured every 6 h the first day and then daily at the 2nd, 7th, 14th and 28th day. With Bio-Oss and Endobone the release of growth factor in HSA showed a two-phase kinetics. TGF-beta(1) reached a maximum concentration within the first 24 h and decreased almost linearly until day 28. With Algipore the concentration of growth factor reached a maximum after 12 h and showed a rapid decline until day 2. From day 2 the TGF-beta(1) concentrations remained low. Significantly, more TGF-beta(1) was released into HSA than into PBS. Our study suggests that the hydroxyapatite materials are suitable as TGF-beta(1) carriers.

Bone formation by enamel matrix proteins and xenografts: an experimental study in the rat ramus

“…However, the lack of signs of foreign body reaction to the bone mineral particles indicated indeed that the material was probably well tolerated by the host tissues. DBBM has been successfully used as a carrier for TGF-b1 (Gille et al 2002). In the present investigation, when EMD was used in combination with DBBM and GBR, no additional beneficial effects in terms of new bone formation could be demonstrated, indicating that enamel matrix proteins may not act as an additional stimulus for bone formation even when combined with an osteoconductive xenograft.…”

“…Hence, its use has been recommended in order to provide scaffold for the regeneration of various bone defects. DBBM has been successfully used as a carrier for TGF-b1 (Gille et al 2002). However, distant from the host bone, DBBM was usually embedded entirely into fibrous connective tissue.…”

Lack of beneficial effects of platelet‐rich plasma on sinus augmentation using a fluorohydroxyapatite or autogenous bone: an explorative study

“…This material is biocompatible, osteoconductive and has an additional desirable property of being slowly resorbable and replaced by newly formed bone (Ricci et al 1992, Schopper et al 2003, Ewers et al 2004). In in vitro studies, this material proved to be a suitable carrier for bone morphogenic proteins and growth factors (Herr et al 1993, Gille et al 2002), and its use in sinus augmentation demonstrated good clinical results (Ricci et al 1992, Schopper et al 2003). In the present study, the short‐ and long‐term effects of PRP on sinus augmentation using autogenous bone and Algipore ® were compared.…”

Modification of Apatite Materials for Bone Tissue Engineering and Drug Delivery Carriers

“…Carriers fabricated from apatite materials that enable the controlled release of functional molecules are currently under investigation. Molecular release from apatite materials, initially incorporating the functional molecule, is achieved in vivo by desorption, depending on the local environment [87][88][89][90]. Therefore, an understanding of the adsorption and desorption kinetics of the functional molecules of HAp is crucial for achieving optimal drug release.…”