Bony labyrinth morphology clarifies the origin and evolution of deer

Mennecart, Bastien; DeMiguel, Daniel; Bibi, Faysal; Rößner, Gertrud E.; Métais, Grégoire; Neenan, James M.; Wang, Shiqi; Schulz, Georg; Müller, Bert; Costeur, Loïc

doi:10.1038/s41598-017-12848-9

Cited by 57 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…In previous studies, Procervulus was placed as the sister taxon to Heteroprox Azanza Asensio (2000), Mennecart et al (2016) and both were the sister taxon to the clade containing Dicrocerus elegans. In Mennecart et al (2017) Procervulus dichotomus was the sister taxon to Heteroprox larteti and Procervulus praelucidus the sister taxon to both of them; this clade was placed between Lagomeryx parvulus and all other cervids, which is similar to the results here.…”

Section: Procervulus Dichotomus and Procervulus Praelucidussupporting

confidence: 88%

“…In Azanza Asensio (2000) Heteroprox was most often placed as the sister taxon to Procervulus or as an (unresolved) stem lineage. Similarly, in Mennecart et al (2017) Heteroprox larteti was the sister taxon to Procervulus dichotomus.…”

Section: Heteroprox Lartetimentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Basicranial and ear region characters were not yet widely used when inferring morphological phylogenies, but were assumed to have strong potential to provide characters, which are less prone to convergent evolution caused by climatic change (Janis & Theodor, 2014). Recently, it has been shown that traits of the inner ear provide useful characters with phylogenetic signal (Mennecart et al, 2016(Mennecart et al, , 2017.…”

Section: Craniummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…So far, not many attempts to reconstruct the phylogeny of Miocene cervids have been made (Azanza Asensio, 2000). Recently, Mennecart et al (2016Mennecart et al ( , 2017 presented the first phylogenetic analyses based on inner ear characters for several fossil cervids.…”

Section: Miocene Cervidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The discussions on the taxon in the literature and the new insights resulting from the analyses here clearly show that the systematic position of Lagomerycinae represents one of the most controversial of ruminant families, so far without unambiguous consensus. However, cranial and postcranial morphology and particularly the presence of antlers support the affiliation as stem Cervidae (Chow & Shih, 1978;Leinders & Heintz, 1980;Vislobokova, Changkang & Sun, 1989;Azanza & Ginsburg, 1997;Heckeberg, 2017b;Mennecart et al, 2017).…”

Section: Lagomeryx Parvulus and Ligeromeryx Praestansmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The systematics of the Cervidae: a total evidence approach

Heckeberg

2020

PeerJ

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Systematic relationships of cervids have been controversial for decades. Despite new input from molecular systematics, consensus could only be partially reached. The initial, gross (sub) classification based on morphology and comparative anatomy was mostly supported by molecular data. The rich fossil record of cervids has never been extensively tested in phylogenetic frameworks concerning potential systematic relationships of fossil cervids to extant cervids. The aim of this work was to investigate the systematic relationships of extant and fossil cervids using molecular and morphological characters and make implications about their evolutionary history based on the phylogenetic reconstructions. To achieve these objectives, molecular data were compiled consisting of five nuclear markers and the complete mitochondrial genome of 50 extant and one fossil cervids. Several analyses using different data partitions, taxon sampling, partitioning schemes, and optimality criteria were undertaken. In addition, the most extensive morphological character matrix for such a broad cervid taxon sampling was compiled including 168 cranial and dental characters of 41 extant and 29 fossil cervids. The morphological and molecular data were analysed in a combined approach and other comprehensive phylogenetic reconstructions. The results showed that most Miocene cervids were more closely related to each other than to any other cervids. They were often positioned between the outgroup and all other cervids or as the sister taxon to Muntiacini. Two Miocene cervids were frequently placed within Muntiacini. Plio-and Pleistocene cervids could often be affiliated to Cervini, Odocoileini or Capreolini. The phylogenetic analyses provide new insights into the evolutionary history of cervids. Several fossil cervids could be successfully related to living representatives, confirming previously assumed affiliations based on comparative morphology and introducing new hypotheses. New systematic relationships were observed, some uncertainties persisted and resolving systematics within certain taxa remained challenging.

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Section: Procervulus Dichotomus and Procervulus Praelucidussupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Heteroprox Lartetimentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Craniummentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Miocene Cervidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Lagomeryx Parvulus and Ligeromeryx Praestansmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The systematics of the Cervidae: a total evidence approach

Heckeberg

2020

PeerJ

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Antler tine homologies and cervid systematics: A review of past and present controversies with special emphasis onElaphurus davidianus

Heckeberg

Zachos

Kierdorf

2022

The Anatomical Record

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Antlers are the most conspicuous trait of cervids and have been used in the past to establish a classification of their fossil and living representatives. Since the availability of molecular data, morphological characters have generally become less important for phylogenetic reconstructions. In recent years, however, the appreciation of morphological characters has increased, and they are now more frequently used in addition to molecular data to reconstruct the evolutionary history of cervids. A persistent challenge when using antler traits in deer systematics is finding a consensus on the homology of structures. Here, we review early and recent attempts to homologize antler structures and objections to this approach, compare and evaluate recent advances on antler homologies, and critically discuss these different views in order to offer a basis for further scientific exchange on the topic. We further present some developmental aspects of antler branching patterns and discuss their potential for reconstructing cervid systematics. The use of heterogeneous data for reconstructing phylogenies has resulted in partly conflicting hypotheses on the systematic position of certain cervid species, on which we also elaborate here. We address current discussions on the use of different molecular markers in cervid systematics and the question whether antler morphology and molecular data can provide a consistent picture on the evolutionary history of cervids. In this context, special attention is given to the antler morphology and the systematic position of the enigmatic Pere David's deer (Elaphurus davidianus).

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The comparative anatomy of the petrosal bone and bony labyrinth of four small‐sized deer

Zhang,

Tong

2023

The Anatomical Record

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Here we provide complete 3D reconstructions of the petrosal bone and bony labyrinth of four kinds of small‐sized deer (Elaphodus cephalophus, Muntiacus reevesi, Muntiacus muntjak, Hydropotes inermis) based on high‐resolution CT scanning, and select one musk deer (Moschus moschiferus) as a comparative object. The petrosal bone and bony labyrinth of E. cephalophus are illustrated for the first time, as well as the petrosal bones of M. reevesi and H. inermis. Some morphological characters of petrosal bone and bony labyrinth can be used to distinguish the above‐mentioned species. For example, M. moschiferus shows a prominent transpromontorial sulcus and a ventral basicapsular groove on the petrosal bone; there is a bifurcate cochlear aqueduct on the bony labyrinth of E. cephalophus; there is a distinct fusion between the lateral and posterior semicircular canals on the bony labyrinth of H. inermis. Meanwhile, there are some intraspecific variations on the subarcuate fossa, the tegmen tympani, the cochlear aqueduct, as well as the endolymphatic sac. Our results further confirm that the petrosal bone and bony labyrinth have enormous potential for taxonomy. This work will provide new anatomical data for the phylogenetic study of ruminants in the future, and it will be very practical to identify the isolated ruminants' petrosal bones that are frequently unearthed from paleontological or archeological sites.

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Bony labyrinth morphology clarifies the origin and evolution of deer

Cited by 57 publications

References 61 publications

The systematics of the Cervidae: a total evidence approach

The systematics of the Cervidae: a total evidence approach

Antler tine homologies and cervid systematics: A review of past and present controversies with special emphasis onElaphurus davidianus

The comparative anatomy of the petrosal bone and bony labyrinth of four small‐sized deer

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