BORDADURA DE POMAR E FLUTUAÇÃO POPULACIONAL DE Anastrepha fraterculus (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE) EM SISTEMA ORGÂNICO DE PRODUÇÃO DE MAÇÃ

Abstract

RESUMOEste trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a influência da flora no entorno do pomar de macieiras conduzidas sob sistemas orgânicos na flutuação populacional de Anastrepha fraterculus. Os estudos foram realizados durante as safras 2007/08 e 2008/09 em três pomares no município de São Joaquim, SC, sendo dois comerciais e um experimental da EpagriSão Joaquim. A área média de cada pomar era de 1,5 hectares, cultivados com as variedades Gala e suas mutantes, Fuji e suas mutantes, Catarina e Joaquina, cujo entorno apresentava composição florística diferenciada. Para o monitoramento da mosca-das-frutas foram utilizadas armadilhas modelo McPhail® com fundo amarelo, contendo suco de uva a 25%. Quatro armadilhas por pomar foram instaladas a uma altura média de 1,8 metros da superfície do solo, nos ramos externos da terceira planta da primeira fila no sentido periferia centro do pomar. A avaliação de captura foi realizada a cada sete dias, ocasião em que a solução atrativa era substituída. O pico populacional foi maior no pomar A, local considerado desfavorável à presença da mosca, pela composição florística encontrada em seu entorno. A proximidade de pomares de outras frutíferas pode ser a razão para este aumento de população de A. fraterculus.Palavras-chave: Diversidade vegetal, Hospedeiros primários, Mosca-das-frutas. ABSTRACTThe objective of this research was to evaluate the influence of the flora surrounding apple orchards on the population fluctuation of Anastrepha fraterculus. The experiments were conducted in three organic apple orchards, being one experimental belong to EPAGRI and two commercial orchards located in the region of São Joaquim, Santa Catarina State. The study was carried out during 2007/08 and 2008/09 crop seasons. Each orchard had an area of 1.5 hectare cultivated with cv. Gala and its mutants, Fuji and its mutants, Catarina, and Joaquina. McPhail plastic traps with yellow background containing grape juice at 25% were used for monitoring the fruit fly. Four traps per orchard were placed at 1.8 m high from soil surface, on the external branches of the third plant of the first row from the periphery to the centre of each orchard. The fruit fly evaluations were done in each seven days, at the occasion when the attractive solution was renewed. The population peak was the highest in the orchard, that conditions were considered unfavourable to fruit fly occurrence. This was probably due to flora composition surrounding the orchard. The proximity of other fruit orchards may also be the reason for this increase in population of A. fraterculus.

Does the surrounding vegetation influence the fruit fly assemblage in guava orchards?

“…The guava orchard surrounded by pasture had a low number of individuals distributed in a few species, corroborating Teixeira et al (2015). These authors attributed this low fluctuation to the lack of alternative hosts and to climatic factors.…”

“…However, it is important to evaluate the conditions of potential insect infestation of fruit flies to choose the location for planting a pomiculture, since in an area with a high population index of these flies there will be a trend towards higher management and control costs (TEIXEIRA et al, 2015). Thus, it is essential to study the influence of the extra-orchard environment on the population of these insects.…”