Borders of Multiple Visual Areas in Humans Revealed by Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Sereno, Martin I.; Dale, Anders M.; Reppas, John B.; Kwong, Kenneth K.; Belliveau, John W.; Brady, Thomas J.; Rosen, Bruce R.; Tootell, Roger B. H.

doi:10.1126/science.7754376

Cited by 2,481 publications

(2,255 citation statements)

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“…Outlines of the ROIs defined based on group average block design data are superimposed in green. P values from ROI-based t tests are shown in Table 1. phase-spread within these maps was not simply due to differences in hemodynamic delay, subjects were tested with both counterclockwise and clockwise stimulus revolution directions (Sereno et al, 1995(Sereno et al, , 2001. After reversing the phases of the clockwise runs to be consistent with counterclockwise runs, the resulting maps are quite similar, demonstrating that the phase-spreads are stimulusdriven (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…For activity at the stimulus frequency, the phase of this vector corresponds to the polar angle of the stimulus location. To estimate the significance of correlation of BOLD signal with the stimulus frequency, the squared amplitude of the signal at the stimulus frequency is divided by the sum of squared amplitudes at all other ''noise'' frequencies (excluding low frequency signals and harmonics of the stimulus frequency) (Sereno et al, 1995). This ratio of two chi-squared statistics follows the F distribution (Larsen and Marx, 1986), and with degrees of freedom equal to the number of time points, this results in a statistical significance P value.…”

Section: Analysis Of Phase-encoded Fmri Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatial maps in frontal and prefrontal cortex

2006

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Analysis Of Phase-encoded Fmri Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial maps in frontal and prefrontal cortex

2006

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“…The left column in the figure illustrates the high-resolution data that can be obtained in monkeys with invasive techniques; the right column illustrates the quality of data that can be obtained in the human cortex with non-invasive imaging. Large-scale maps of the visual field (or 'retinotopic maps'), which were first described physiologically in the primary visual cortex in macaques 127,128 , were obtained in humans with fMRI more than a decade ago 129,130 (see figure, part a). At a finer scale, physiological studies carried out long ago determined that cortical area V1 in non-human primates contains oculardominance columns, which are elongated regions approximately 0.5 mm wide in which neurons receive input that is dominated by one eye 131,132 (see figure, part b, left-hand panel).…”

Section: Box 1 | Recent Advances Through Functional Mrimentioning

confidence: 99%

Interpreting fMRI data: maps, modules and dimensions

2008

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Neuroimaging research over the past decade has revealed a detailed picture of the functional organization of the human brain. Here we focus on two fundamental questions that are raised by the detailed mapping of sensory and cognitive functions and illustrate these questions with findings from the object-vision pathway. First, are functionally specific regions that are located close together best understood as distinct cortical modules or as parts of a larger-scale cortical map? Second, what functional properties define each cortical map or module? We propose a model in which overlapping continuous maps of simple features give rise to discrete modules that are selective for complex stimuli.Advances in brain imaging technology (especially functional MRI (fMRI)) have radically improved our understanding of the functional organization of the human brain (BOX 1). In this Review we describe the organization of the ventral visual pathway, which is characterized by strong selectivity for particular object categories (for example, faces and bodies) at the level of both individual neurons and larger cortical regions. We then consider two central questions: whether this organization reflects maps or modules, and what properties are mapped. In each case we derive clues from the literature on the primary sensory cortex, in which cortical maps have been studied extensively using electrophysiology in animals. We find that apparently modular cortical regions, such as orientation columns and face-selective regions, might be parts of larger maps, and show that it is a substantial challenge to determine the basic properties and dimensions that describe functional organization most parsimoniously. We then propose a new framework that reconciles the existence of graded cortical maps and distinct functional modules. In this framework, the strong category selectivity that exists for faces and other objects might arise from the nonlinear combination of multiple correlated maps for simpler stimulus properties. The ventral visual pathwayThe ventral visual pathway comprises a large cortical region that occupies the ventral and lateral surfaces of the occipital and temporal lobes (FIG. 1). A substantial proportion of fMRI voxels in this pathway are 'object-selective' -that is, they respond more strongly when people view images of objects than when people view scrambled versions of these objects or texture patterns. This object-selective region is often referred to as the lateral occipital complex (LOC) 1 . The LOC has little selectivity for particular stimulus categories 2-4 , but several regions of NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript cortex near the LOC are selective for particular object categories: they respond at least twice as strongly to their 'preferred' stimuli than to other stimuli. For example, in essentially all humans cortical regions can be found that respond selectively to faces (the fusiform face area (FFA) 5,6 and, in many individuals, the occipital face area (OFA)) 7,8 , to pl...

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“…(Gyri are coded in lighter gray than the sulci). The boundaries of the retinotopic areas V1, V2d, V2v, V3d, V3v, and hV4 were established as described in Sereno et al (1995) and Engel et al (1997). Retinotopic areas V3A, V3B and V7 were speciWed in accordance with Press et al (2001) and Tyler et al (2005).…”

Section: Data Analysis and Visualizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occipital network for figure/ground organization

Likova

Tyler

2008

Exp Brain Res

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This is the accepted version of the paper.This version of the publication may differ from the final published version. Abstract To study the cortical mechanism of Wgure/ ground categorization in the human brain, we employed fMRI and the temporal-asynchrony paradigm. This paradigm is able to eliminate any diVerential activation for local stimulus features, and thus to identify only global perceptual interactions. Strong segmentation of the image into diVerent spatial conWgurations was generated solely from temporal asynchronies between zones of homogeneous dynamic noise. The Wgure/ground conWguration was a single geometric Wgure enclosed in a larger surround region. In a control condition, the Wgure/ground organization was eliminated by segmenting the noise Weld into many identical temporal-asynchrony stripes. The manipulation of the type of perceptual organization triggered dramatic reorganization in the cortical activation pattern. The Wgure/ground conWguration generated suppression of the ground representation (limited to early retinotopic visual cortex, V1 and V2) and strong activation in the motion complex hMT+/ V5+; conversely, both responses were abolished when the Wgure/ground organization was eliminated. These results suggest that Wgure/ground processing is mediated by topdown suppression of the ground representation in the earliest visual areas V1/V2 through a signal arising in the motion complex. We propose a model of a recurrent cortical architecture incorporating suppressive feedback that operates in a topographic manner, forming a Wgure/ground categorization network distinct from that for "pure" scene segmentation and thus underlying the perceptual organization of dynamic scenes into cognitively relevant components. Permanent repository link

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Borders of Multiple Visual Areas in Humans Revealed by Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Cited by 2,481 publications

References 40 publications

Spatial maps in frontal and prefrontal cortex

Spatial maps in frontal and prefrontal cortex

Interpreting fMRI data: maps, modules and dimensions

Occipital network for figure/ground organization

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