Bordetella pertussis epidemiology and evolution in the light of pertussis resurgence

Sealey, Katie L.; Belcher, Thomas; Preston, Andrew

doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2016.02.032

Cited by 75 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Even in developed countries such as US and Australia where the vaccination rates are high, the number of reported cases of pertussis has markedly risen during recent decades, reaching a 60 year high . Similar trends have also been observed in Europe, UK, and Canada . Several major factors contribute to the rise of the pertussis infections.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[4,5] Similar trends have also been observed in Europe,U K, and Canada. [6,7] Several major factors contribute to the rise of the pertussis infections.These include that some current circulating B. pertussis strains are deficient in the production of certain vaccine targets resulting in probable escape from vaccine-induced immunity. [8,9] Furthermore,the current acellular vaccine does not prevent infections and the immunity induced can only last ashort time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical Synthesis and Immunological Evaluation of a Pentasaccharide Bearing Multiple Rare Sugars as a Potential Anti‐pertussis Vaccine

et al. 2020

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With the infection rate of Bordetella pertussis at a 60‐year high, there is an urgent need for new anti‐pertussis vaccines. The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of B. pertussis is an attractive antigen for vaccine development. With the presence of multiple rare sugars and unusual glycosyl linkages, the B. pertussis LPS is a highly challenging synthetic target. In this work, aided by molecular dynamics simulation and modeling, a pertussis‐LPS‐like pentasaccharide was chemically synthesized for the first time. The pentasaccharide was conjugated with a powerful carrier, bacteriophage Qβ, as a vaccine candidate. Immunization of mice with the conjugate induced robust anti‐glycan IgG responses with IgG titers reaching several million enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) units. The antibodies generated were long lasting and boostable and could recognize multiple clinical strains of B. pertussis, highlighting the potential of Qβ‐glycan as a new anti‐pertussis vaccine.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Synthesis and Immunological Evaluation of a Pentasaccharide Bearing Multiple Rare Sugars as a Potential Anti‐pertussis Vaccine

et al. 2020

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“…However, despite the large use of primary immunization, outbreaks have been reported also in countries with a high vaccination coverage 2 . Several reports recognized in the waning immunity and in the circulation of variants B. pertussis strains possible determinants of the re-emergence of pertussis 3 . Moreover, the circulation among households 4-6 could contribute to the transmission of the disease to infants too young to be vaccinated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Severe pertussis infection in infants less than 6 months of age: Clinical manifestations and molecular characterization

Stefanelli

Buttinelli

Vacca

et al. 2017

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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We conducted a study to determine the main traits of pertussis among unimmunized infants less than 6 months of age. From August 2012 to March 2015, 141 nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPAs) were collected from infants with respiratory symptoms attending 2 major hospitals in Rome. Clinical data were recorded and analyzed. Lab-confirmation was performed by culture and realtime PCR. B. pertussis virulence-associated genes (ptxP, ptxA and prn), together with multilocus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA), were also investigated by the sequence-based analysis on the DNAs extracted from positive samples. Antibiotic susceptibility with Etest was defined on 18 viable B. pertussis isolates. Samples from 73 infants resulted positives for B. pertussis. The median age of the patients was 45 d (range 7–165); 21 infants were treated with macrolides before hospital admission. Cough was reported for a median of 10 d before admission and 18 d after hospital discharge among infected infants, 84% of whom showed paroxysmal cough. No resistance to macrolides was detected. Molecular analysis identified MT27 as the predominant MLVA profile, combined with ptxP3-ptxA1-prn2 associated virulence genes.Although our data may not be generalized to the whole country, they provide evidence of disease severity among infants not vaccinated against pertussis. Moreover, genetically related B. pertussis strains, comprising allelic variants of virulence associated genes, were identified.

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“…Although a serious disease in infants, pertussis is often unrecognized due to a low awareness and difficulties in diagnosis in early infancy [7]. Recent studies have suggested asymptomatic carriage also in highly vaccinated populations as a major link in the resurgence of pertussis [8,9,10]. Occasionally pertussis can be accompanied by secondary infections and additional serious complications including even neurologic disorders as a concomitant manifestation [11,12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pertussis Toxin Exploits Host Cell Signaling Pathways Induced by Meningitis-Causing E. coli K1-RS218 and Enhances Adherence of Monocytic THP-1 Cells to Human Cerebral Endothelial Cells

Starost

Karassek

Sano

et al. 2016

Toxins

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Pertussis toxin (PTx), the major virulence factor of the whooping cough-causing bacterial pathogen Bordetella pertussis, permeabilizes the blood–brain barrier (BBB) in vitro and in vivo. Breaking barriers might promote translocation of meningitis-causing bacteria across the BBB, thereby facilitating infection. PTx activates several host cell signaling pathways exploited by the neonatal meningitis-causing Escherichia coli K1-RS218 for invasion and translocation across the BBB. Here, we investigated whether PTx and E. coli K1-RS218 exert similar effects on MAPK p38, NF-κB activation and transcription of downstream targets in human cerebral endothelial TY10 cells using qRT-PCR, Western blotting, and ELISA in combination with specific inhibitors. PTx and E. coli K1-RS218 activate MAPK p38, but only E. coli K1-RS218 activates the NF-κB pathway. mRNA and protein levels of p38 and NF-κB downstream targets including IL-6, IL-8, CxCL-1, CxCL-2 and ICAM-1 were increased. The p38 specific inhibitor SB203590 blocked PTx-enhanced activity, whereas E. coli K1-RS218’s effects were inhibited by the NF-κB inhibitor Bay 11-7082. Further, we found that PTx enhances the adherence of human monocytic THP-1 cells to human cerebral endothelial TY10 cells, thereby contributing to enhanced translocation. These modulations of host cell signaling pathways by PTx and meningitis-causing E. coli support their contributions to pathogen and monocytic THP-1 cells translocation across the BBB.

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Bordetella pertussis epidemiology and evolution in the light of pertussis resurgence

Cited by 75 publications

References 51 publications

Chemical Synthesis and Immunological Evaluation of a Pentasaccharide Bearing Multiple Rare Sugars as a Potential Anti‐pertussis Vaccine

Chemical Synthesis and Immunological Evaluation of a Pentasaccharide Bearing Multiple Rare Sugars as a Potential Anti‐pertussis Vaccine

Severe pertussis infection in infants less than 6 months of age: Clinical manifestations and molecular characterization

Pertussis Toxin Exploits Host Cell Signaling Pathways Induced by Meningitis-Causing E. coli K1-RS218 and Enhances Adherence of Monocytic THP-1 Cells to Human Cerebral Endothelial Cells

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