Boron Toxicity and Deficiency: A Review

Gupta, Umesh C.; Jame, Y. W.; Campbell, Carol; Leyshon, A. J.; Nicholaichuk, W.

doi:10.4141/cjss85-044

Cited by 361 publications

(223 citation statements)

References 107 publications

(31 reference statements)

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“…Esses resultados mostraram que as gramíneas como arroz e trigo são mais eficientes no uso de B, para crescimento, que as leguminosas, como feijão e soja. Gupta et al (1985) relataram que, em geral, as plantas da família das gramíneas necessitam de menos B que as leguminosas e, quanto ao B, não existem dados experimentais que citem doses adequadas nem tóxicas para as culturas anuais, como arroz, feijão, milho, soja e trigo, em solos de cerrado; entretanto, Galrão (1991) relatou o aumento da produção de soja com aplicação de 1 mg B kg -1 do solo, em comparação com a testemunha. Fageria et al (1997) afirmaram que a deficiência de B na maioria dos solos pode ser corrigida com a aplicação de 1 a 3 kg de B ha -1 para as culturas anuais.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

“…Fageria et al (1997) afirmaram que a deficiência de B na maioria dos solos pode ser corrigida com a aplicação de 1 a 3 kg de B ha -1 para as culturas anuais. Gupta et al (1985) relataram que a dose de B para o arroz e o trigo, extraído com água quente, está na faixa de 0,1 a 0,5 mg kg -1 . As raízes das plantas são importantes parâmetros de crescimento, devido à sua importância na absorção de nutrientes e água e possuem alta correlação com a produção de matéria seca (Figura 2).…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

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Níveis adequados e tóxicos de boro na produção de arroz, feijão, milho, soja e trigo em solo cerrado

Fageria¹

2000

Rev. bras. eng. agríc. ambient.

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RESUMOForam conduzidos cinco experimentos em casa de vegetação, para determinação de teores adequados e tóxicos de B no solo e nas plantas de arroz, feijão, milho, soja e trigo, cultivados em vasos. Os tratamentos com B consistiram de 0, 1, 2, 3, 6, 12 e 24 mg kg -1 de solo aplicado para o arroz e milho, e de 0, 1, 2, 3, 6, e 12 mg kg -1 de solo para o feijão, soja e trigo. A produção máxima de matéria seca da parte aérea de arroz, feijão, milho, soja e trigo, foi obtida com a aplicação de 0,4, 2,0, 4,7, 3,4 e 0,4 mg kg -1 no solo, respectivamente, enquanto os níveis tóxicos de B aplicados com base na redução de 10% na produção, foram de 3, 4,4, 8,7, 6,9 e 7,4 mg kg -1 de solo, respectivamente, para as mesmas culturas. Conforme a análise do solo, os níveis adequados de B para o arroz, feijão, milho, soja e trigo foram 0,4, 0,9, 1,3, 2,6 e 0,4 mg kg -1 , respectivamente, mas a toxidez, nas mesmas culturas ocorreu quando a análise de solo mostrou teores de 2,3, 2,8, 5,7, 5,2 e 4,3 mg B kg -1 . Os níveis adequados na planta variaram de 10 a 75 mg B kg -1 e os tóxicos de 20 a 153 mg B kg -1 , dependendo da cultura.Palavras-chave: produção de matéria seca, comprimento das raízes, teor de B na planta, teor de B no solo ADEQUATE AND TOXIC LEVELS OF BORON FOR RICE, COMMON BEAN, CORN, SOYBEAN AND WHEAT PRODUCTION IN CERRADO SOIL ABSTRACTFive greenhouse experiments were conducted to determine adequate and toxic levels of boron in upland rice, common bean, corn, soybean and wheat. The boron treatments were 0, 1, 2, 3, 6, 12 and 24 mg B kg -1 of soil for rice and corn and 0, 1, 2, 3, 6 and 12 mg B kg -1 of soil for common bean, soybean and wheat crops. Maximum dry matter yield of the tops of rice, common bean, corn, soybean, and wheat was obtained with the application of 0.4, 2.0, 4.7, 3.4, and 0.4 mg B kg -1 of soil, respectively. Toxic levels of B, responsible for a 10% yield reduction were 3. 0, 4.4, 8.7, 6.8, and 7.4 B kg -1 , respectively for the same crops and, based on soil analysis, the adequate levels of B were found to be 0.4, 0.9, 1.3, 2.6 and 0.4 mg B kg -1 of soil. Similarly, the toxic levels of B in the soil for these crops were 2.3, 2.8, 5.7, 5.2, and 4.3 mg B kg -1 of soil, respectively. Adequate levels of B in the plant tissues varied from 10 to 75 mg B kg -1 and toxic levels varied from 20 to 153 mg B kg -1 of dry tissue depending on crops.

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Section: Resultsunclassified

Níveis adequados e tóxicos de boro na produção de arroz, feijão, milho, soja e trigo em solo cerrado

Fageria¹

2000

Rev. bras. eng. agríc. ambient.

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“…Em measurements (7) were recorded while the tissue was being perfused at a flow rate of 7 to 10 mL/min with BSM (-B) or BSM (+B) solutions, both adjusted to pH 6 …”

Section: Membrane Potential Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Boron Induces Hyperpolarization of Sunflower Root Cell Membranes and Increases Membrane Permeability to K⁺

Schon

Novacký²,

Blevins³

1990

Plant Physiol.

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Although many studies have alluded to a role for boron (B) in membrane function, there is little evidence for a direct effect of B on the plasmalemma of higher plant cells. These studies were conducted to demonstrate, by electrophysiological techniques, a direct effect of B on the membrane potential (Em) of sunflower (Helianthus annuus [L.], cv Mammoth Grey Stripe) root tip cells and to determine if the response to B occurs rapidly enough to account for the previously observed effects of B on ion uptake. By inserting a glass microelectrode into an individual cell in the root tip, the Em of the cell was determined in basal salt medium (BSM), pH 6.0. The perfusion solution surrounding the root tissue was then changed to BSM + 50 micromolar H3BO3, pH 6.0. The exposure to B induced a significant plasmalemma hyperpolarization in sunflower root cells within 20 minutes. After just 3 minutes of exposure to B, the change in Em was already significantly different from the negligible change in Em observed over time in root cells never exposed to B. Membrane hyperpolarization could be caused by a stimulation of the proton pump or by a change in the conductance of one or more permeable ions. Since B has been shown to affect K uptake by plants, the electrophysiological techniques described above were used to determine if B has an effect on membrane permeability to K@, and could thereby lead to an increased diffusion potential. When sunflower root tips were pretreated in 50 micromolar B for 2 hours, cell membranes exhibited a significantly greater depolarization with each 10-fold increase in external [K+] IuM B 1 h prior to the absorption period. Pollard et al. (9) also reported reductions of P0-, Cl-, and Rb+ uptake in Bdeficient maize and faba bean roots tips. They reported 40% restoration of nutrient uptake within 20 min of the addition of B. According to Goldbach (5), both uptake and efflux of 32p were decreased in B-deficient sunflower roots. He also found that the effects of B deficiency could be reversed in less than 1 h by the addition of B to the growth medium.Studies of the effects of B on ion uptake point to a role for B in membrane function. If the primary mechanism of action of B within the plant does occur at the membrane level, then other effects of B observed in earlier work, i.e. sugar translocation (4) and auxin movement (19), could also be explained as secondary effects of the primary effect of B on the cell membrane. However, few experiments have been designed to relate the presence of B to a direct effect on membranes.Vorob'ev and Pelkhanov (20)

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“…Furthermore, membrane permeability increases with the increasing levels of applied B in the presence of salinity. Plant growth and yield are reduced in salt-affected soils because of the excess uptake of potentially toxic ions (Gupta et al 1985). Grieve and Poss (2000) reported that the excess external salinity and B interact to limit growth and yield of wheat.…”

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Hot pepper response to interactive effects of salinity and boron

Supanjani¹,

Lee²

2006

Plant Soil Environ.

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An excess of salinity and boron (B) can limit production of hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), but little is known about the physiological responses, including antioxidant activities, in response to these excesses. We investigated the physiological responses and defense mechanisms of hot pepper grown under salinity (NaCl) stress at 3 and 6 dS/mand B stress at 15 and 30 mg/kg. Dry weight and the total chlorophyll content decreased with increasing salinity and B levels. The toxic effect of B was greater under saline conditions. Higher levels of salinity and B resulted in increased B concentrations in leaves. The stomatal resistance values increased as the combined levels of salinity and B increased. Furthermore, increasing salinity, B or both increased activities of H 2 O 2 , SOD, POX, APX and GR, which increased oxidative stress, compared to the control plants. Increases in combined salinity and B levels disrupted plant nutrient balance and water use, and induced production of secondary toxic substances leading to an increased plant tissue concentration of H 2 O 2 , and suppression of growth in hot pepper.

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Boron Toxicity and Deficiency: A Review

Cited by 361 publications

References 107 publications

Níveis adequados e tóxicos de boro na produção de arroz, feijão, milho, soja e trigo em solo cerrado

Níveis adequados e tóxicos de boro na produção de arroz, feijão, milho, soja e trigo em solo cerrado

Boron Induces Hyperpolarization of Sunflower Root Cell Membranes and Increases Membrane Permeability to K⁺

Hot pepper response to interactive effects of salinity and boron

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Boron Toxicity and Deficiency: A Review

Cited by 361 publications

References 107 publications

Níveis adequados e tóxicos de boro na produção de arroz, feijão, milho, soja e trigo em solo cerrado

Níveis adequados e tóxicos de boro na produção de arroz, feijão, milho, soja e trigo em solo cerrado

Boron Induces Hyperpolarization of Sunflower Root Cell Membranes and Increases Membrane Permeability to K+

Hot pepper response to interactive effects of salinity and boron

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Product

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Boron Induces Hyperpolarization of Sunflower Root Cell Membranes and Increases Membrane Permeability to K⁺