Botryosphaeriaceae species affecting table grape vineyards in Chile and cultivar susceptibility

Abstract

A. Morales, B.A. Latorre, E. Piontelli, and X. Besoain. 2012. Botryosphaeriaceae species affecting table grape vineyards in Chile and cultivar susceptibility. Cien. Inv. Agr. 39(3): 445-458. Several Botryosphaeriaceae species have been identified as the causes of cankers and dieback of Vitis vinifera in several grape-growing regions around the world. This research was conducted to further study the species of Botryosphaeriaceae associated with table grapes in Chile, to estimate the prevalence and severity of the disease as a function of vineyard age, to study the susceptibility of table grape cultivars to infection by Botryosphaeriaceae species, and to evaluate the effect of tissue age on the infection caused by Botryosphaeriaceae species. Symptoms were characterized by the presence of the partial or total death of the grapevine cordons and distorted leaves. Brown V-shaped or U-shaped cankers and black spots were observed in cross-sections, while brown vascular streaks were observed in longitudinal sections of the cordons and trunks. Pathogenic isolates of Diplodia seriata, D. mutila and Spencermartinsia viticola were consistently obtained from wood cankers and/or vascular streaking; D. seriata was the most common (83.3%) Botryosphaeriaceae species. In 11-to 20-year-old vineyards, the disease incidence varied between 22.0 and 69.0%, and the severity varied between 6.0 and 21.3%. The table grape cultivars 'Thompson Seedless', 'Redglobe' and 'Flame Seedless' were equally susceptible to infection by D. mutila, D. seriata and S. viticola. The age of the inoculated tissue had no significant effect on the development of the vascular necrosis. This is the first report of D. mutila and S. viticola infections of grapevines in Chile.

Evaluation of DMI fungicides against species of Diplodia and Neofusicoccum associated with Botryosphaeria canker of grapevine

“…The in vitro results obtained in this study demonstrate the effectiveness of DMI fungicides in the control of the conidial germination and radial mycelial growth of D. mutila, D. seriata, N. australe and N. parvum, species which are commonly associated with grapevine trunk diseases in Chile (Auger et al, 2004;Díaz et al, 2011;Morales et al, 2012;Torres et al, 2011).…”

“…(V. vinifera) affected by trunk diseases, were used. These isolates have been identified based on morphology and molecular data in previous works (Morales et al, 2012;Besoain et al, 2013). …”

“…In Chile, D. mutila, D. seriata, N. australe and N. parvum have all been reported as economically important pathogens of grapevine (Auger et al, 2004;Díaz et al, 2011;Morales et al, 2012;Besoain et al, 2013). Of these species, D. mutila appears to be the most aggressive on table grapes (Morales et al, 2012).…”

Susceptibility of different grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) cultivars to Diplodia seriata and Diplodia mutila

“…Fungal species belonging to the Botryosphaeriaceae are responsible for the death of part of the plant, reducing the productivity and profitability of this crop (Gubler et al, 2010). Both D. seriata and D. mutila are associated with the Botryosphaeria die-back in Chile (Díaz et al, 2013;Morales et al, 2012). These fungi have been detected in table grape vineyards where no differences were observed among the Thompson Seedless, Red Globe and Flame Seedless cultivars, which were equally susceptible to infection by D. mutila, D. seriata and Spencermartinsia viticola (Morales et al, 2012).…”

Evaluation of the use of wound-protectant fungicides and biological control agents against stem canker (Neofusicoccum parvum) of blueberry

“…Botryosphaeria parva Pennycook & Samuels) and other species of the family Botryosphaeriaceae has frequently been observed (Espinoza et al 2009). These fungi are also very destructive pathogens on other hosts, e.g., grapevines, in Chile (Díaz et al, 2013;Morales et al, 2012) and worldwide (Úrbez-Torres, 2011).…”